Anopheles multicolor Cambouliu, An. sergentii Theobald and in a circumscribed costal area, An. labranchiae Falleroni are considered to have been vectors of malaria in Libya where the incidence of imported malaria has increased. Libyan records of the Afrotropical vector An. gambiae Giles sensu lato are considered erroneous. However, two factors increase the risk of invasion from the south by An. gambiae or An. arabiensis Patton. These factors are the bridges across the desert formed by improved roads and local air traffic, plus the increasing receptivity to both imported malaria and its vectors in many parts of Libya were subterranean sources of water are being used for development and irrigation. This applies especially in the Fezzan, historically the most malarious part of Libya.