Cuar. XVII.] STRUCTURE OF THE BLADDER. 325 
Altogether the entrance into the bladder, formed by the 
transparent valve, with its four obliquely projecting bristles, 
its numerous diversely shaped glands, surrounded by the 
collar, bearing glands on the inside and bristles on the out- 
side, together with the bristles borne by the antennæ, presents 
an extraordinary complex appearance when viewed under the 
microscope. 
We wiil now consider the internal structure of the bladder. 
The whole inner surface, with the exception of the valve, is 
seen under a moderately high power to be covered with a 
serried mass of processes (fig. 21). Each of these consists of 
jFic. 21, Fic, 22 
(Utricularia neglecta.) ue lecta.) 
` En riculart cla. 
Small portion of inside of bladder, oe sh z 
much enlarged, showing quadrifid One of the quadrifid processes 
processes, greatly enlarged, 
four divergent arms; whence their name of quadrifid 
processes. They arise from small angular cells, at the 
Junctions of the angles of the larger cells which form the 
interior of the bladder. The middle part of the upper 
surface of these small cells projects a little, and then con- 
tracts into a very short and narrow footstalk which bears the 
four arms (fig. 22). Of these, two are long, but often of not 
quite equal length, and project obliquely inwards and 
towards the posterior end of the bladder. The two others 
are much shorter, and project at a smaller angle, that is, are 
more nearly horizontal, and are directed towards the anterior 
