OF NORTH-WEST AMERICA. 181 
The longitude of the watershed, as determined by Captain Haig, 
is 114? 2! 49" W. 
Botanical Aspects of the Regions traversed. 
The harbours of Victoria and Esquimalt, at the south-east cor- 
ner of Vancouver Island, in the immediate neighbourhood of which 
most of the plants collected in that island were found, are about 
three miles distant from each other, although one of the arms of 
the former is within a few hundred yards of Esquimalt. The 
country around them is rocky, in some places covered with pine 
forests, in others open and park-like, and more or less studded 
with oaks (Quercus Garryana, Doug.). 
Around the shores of Esquimalt the following trees occur, 
viz. :— 
Pinus contorta, Doug. Taxus baccata, L. 
Abies Douglasii, Lindl. Arbutus Menziesii, Pursh. 
—— Menziesii, Lamb. Cerasus mollis, Doug. 
Thuja gigantea, Nutt. Quercus Garryana, Doug. 
Arctostaphylos tomentosa is found on hills to the westward of 
the harbour. Species of Acer, Betula, Alnus, and Salix are plen- 
tiful. Among the more common shrubs are species of Mahonia, 
Ceanothus, Acer, Nuttallia, Spirea, Rubus, Rosa, Ribes, Vacci- 
nium, Salix, Gaultheria, &c. 
Amongst the most conspieuous flowering-plants met with there 
in the early part of the season are several species of Ranunculus, 
of Claytonia, of Potentilla, and of Saxifraga, Plectritis congesta, 
Collomia gracilis, Collinsia violacea, Dodecatheon Meadia, Sisyrin- 
chium grandiflorum, species of Fritillaria, Camassia esculenta, and 
species of Trillium. 
The country gone over on the mainland may, for the conve- 
nience of botanical comparison, be, with propriety, divided into 
three principal regions :— 
lst. The Lower Fraser River district, which includes the Sumass 
and Chilukweyuk prairies and other low grounds to the westward 
of the Cascade Mountains—a moist region. 
2nd. The Columbia valley between the Dalles and Colville— 
a dry country, for the most part destitute of trees. 
3rd. The higher regions of the Cascade and Rocky Mountains 
—regions of moisture. 
The country intersected by the Boundary-line between the 
Cascade and Rocky Mountains partakes of the character of all 
these three regions. At the Colville River valley, and in the 
