OF NORTH-WEST AMERICA. 141 
Alopecurus alpinus, L. Arctic and cold Europe, Asia, and America, and 
cold S. America. 
Cinna pendula, Trin. Cascade Mountains. Amoor River; Siberia; Nor- 
way; Middle Russia; Sitcha. 
Trisetum subspicatum, Beauv. Arctic Europe and E. and W. America. 
Cold Europe, Asia, and America. Andes; Himalaya; Australia. 
Poa alpina, L. Arctic Europe and E. and W. America. Cold Europe, 
Asia, and America, and Himalaya. 
Polypodium alpestre, Hoff. 
The plants gathered by us at the eastern base of the Rocky 
Mountains which we did not also obtain from other localities are 
so few in number, that it appears hardly necessary to notice them 
in this report. They are the following, viz. :— 
Geranium albiflorum, Hook. Hedysarum boreale, Nutt. 
(Hookerianum, Walp.) Aetinella acaulis, Nutt. 
Astragalus pauciflorus, Hook. Alopecurus alpinus, L. 
Oxytropis splendens, Doug. 
Of these, the only one which has not also a locality assigned to it 
to the westward of the Rocky Mountains is Oxytropis splendens. 
Notes on the Distribution of the principal Trees met with near the 
49th degree of Latitude, and the Elevation to which they reached, 
between the Gulf of Georgia and the Rocky Mountains. 
Pinus monticola, Doug., was found in Vancouver Island, as well 
as in the Lower Fraser River district, and is a common tree in 
the wooded valleys lying between Colville and the Rocky Moun- 
tains. 
Pinus contorta, Doug., is very common in various situations in 
Vancouver Island as well as on the mainland. On the east side 
of the Cascade Mountains it forms the great bulk of the forest 
between the altitudes of 4500 and 6500 feet above the sea, where 
the size of large trees is about 14 foot in diameter and 60 or 70 
feet high. On the Rocky Mountains it was observed at 7000 feet 
above the sea. Along both sides of the trail in the passes of the 
Galton and Rocky Mountains, many of the young trees of this spe- 
cies are stripped of their bark from a foot or so above the ground to 
a height of six or seven feet. This is done by the Indians, during 
their annual hunting-excursions from the Kootenay and Kalispelm 
country to the Buffalo Plains on the east side of the Rocky Moun- 
tains, for the sake of the inner bark, which they use as food, as 
well in its fresh state as when compressed into thick cakes so 
as to render it portable. Near the south-east end of Vancouver 
