OF NORTH-WEST AMERICA. 143 
purpose very well, being easily dug out, but it floated rather deep 
in the water. 
Abies Mertensiana, Lindl. (Hemlock spruce of our axmen), one 
of the most common trees on the west side of the Cascades, is 
also met with on the east side, but is not so common, nor does it 
attain the same height as near the coast. 
Abies Menziesii, Lamb., is common all along the line from the 
Pacific to the. Rocky Mountains. It is one of the common trees 
already mentioned as existing in the ravines between the latter 
and the Cascades. On the Cascade Mountains it was observed at 
a height of about 5500 feet above the sea, and on the Galton and 
Rocky Mountains it was found as high as 6000 feet. 
Abies Douglasii, Lindl., is usually found along with the pre- 
ceding. This tree, which is such a giant in the Lower Fraser 
River district, becomes stunted and dwarfish on exposed promon- 
tories and at great elevations. It ceases to be common at an alti- 
tude of about 5500 feet above the sea, but scrubby specimens 
were seen on the Cascades nearly 2000 feet higher than that. It 
never attains the same proportions east of the Cascade Mountains 
that it does on the other side. 
Abies amabilis, Doug., is not uncommon on the Cascade Moun- 
tains up to 6000 feet, and on the Rocky and Galton Mountains 
was found at an elevation of 7000 feet. 
Abies grandis, Doug.?, was seen on the Cascade Mountains, 
and on their spurs running down to the Columbia River. 
Picea nobilis ?, Don (balsamea?), was found on the Cascade 
Mountains, near Lake Chilukweyuk. It is a large and handsome 
tree, with a soft wood easily cut by the axe. The bark, especially 
of the young, is smooth and shining, and covered with blisters 
containing a turpentine or balsam-like fluid. 
Lariz Lyallii, Parl. (n. sp.). First seen on the Cascade Moun- 
tains, where, at from about 6500 to 7000 feet, it formed in one 
Place an open belt of trees, towards the upper part mingled with 
and afterwards overtopped by the Pinus flexilis. On the Galton 
Range it was found under the same circumstances at an altitude of 
about 6000 feet, and on the Rocky Mountains at 7000 feet. In 
the latter situation it was associated with the Pinus flexilis and 
the Abies amabilis. 
Laris occidentalis, Newb. (an Nutt. ?),occurs frequently between 
the Cascade and Rocky Mountains, associated with the Pinus pon- 
derosa ; and as the Pinus ponderosa here supplants for many pur- 
poses the Douglas fir, so the larch, from its splitting so easily, is 
LINN. PROC.— BOTANY, VOL. VII. N 
