104 REV. M. J. BERKELEY ON SOME TUBERIFORM 
A. microscopical examination of the several specimens of Foo- 
ling from Messrs. Horaninow and Hanbury, and a comparison 
with a fine series from South Carolina, sent to me by Mr. Curtis, - 
Chinese Herbal, ‘ Pun-tsaou-kang-muh,’ Chap. 37. sect. 4. (Translated by the 
Rev. W. C. Milne.) . 
AX AX Fuh-ling : synonyms Á A 3. Fuh-too, — too being а name 
given to it because it is found on the same tree as the Too-sze, another medi- 
cinal plant; or rather, as some say, because it resembles a small hare. 
A Я Sung-yu, a name derived from its connexion with the pine-tree. 
DA FY 385 Puh-sze-mien, literally Undying-flower. 
AR 7e Fuh-shin, which name is restricted to a species to be found 
clinging to the root of the pine. Such, it is presumed, contains the finest essence 
of the pine. One of the fairy tales says, that there are pieces of this species to 
be found as big as a man’s fist, one of which, if you sling it as an amulet round 
your person; will discomfit a hundred devils, in full proof of its divine origin. 
In describing the Fuh-ling, one author observes that both it and the species 
called Fuh-shin grow under the large pines on the heights and valleys of lofty 
mountains, and that they may be gathered in the second and eighth moons 
[5. e. during spring and autumn). | 
Another writer remarks, that samples come from Yuh-chow as large as а 
vessel with a capacity of three or four shings [pints]. The outer skin is black, 
with small wrinkles on it ; underneath it is fine and white. It appearance is that 
of a small tortoise ; and that with a reddish tinge is not unlike a frog after being 
imbedded underground for thirty years. | 
A third writer notes that Fuh-lihg is produced in the Tai-shan mountains of 
the province of Shantung, but that the best kind is decidedly that of the Hwa- 
shan hills of Shen-se. 
According to the testimony of a fourth writer, wherever large pines flourish 
you have the Fuh-ling; but as at Hwa-shan there stands an immense number 
of old firs, you have there excellent specimens. 
A fifth observer remarks, that pines of 1000 years old are sure to have the 
Fuh-ling; but a sixth observes, that after the resin of the pine has fallen on the 
ground and remained there 1000 years, it is changed into Fuh-ling. When 
you see the pine-tree turn red, you have the Fuh-ling. Fuh-shin is a product 
of the pine superior to the Fuh-ling. 
At present all the hills of the Hwa-shan range produce it. It clings to the. 
under-roots of the pine-trees, and grows leafless and flowerless, as large as а man’s 
fist. Sometimes underground you meet with it so big as to be several catties* in 
weight. There are two varieties, red and white. Some say it is the gum of the 
fir-tree metamorphosed ; and others, that it is the excrescence of the spurious 
pine-tree. But down to the present day there are people who constantly meet 
with the Fuh-ling under masses of very old pines which have long been cut 
down, and whose trunks, branches, and twigs lie about rotten and decaying. 
———— 
* The catty equals 13 lb. 
