FUMARIA, CAPREOLATA OF BRITAIN. 159 
others which inhabit the regions bordering on the Mediterranean 
Sea, constitute the Section Capreolate of Hammar, in his * Mono- 
graphia Generis Fumariarum,’ for a copy of which I am indebted 
to my celebrated friend Fries. 
This group of Fumarias has long been the subject of discussion 
amongst botanists, and it still remains difficult to ascertain the 
characters considered as distinctive by the describers of the species ; 
for the descriptions are scattered through various books, some of 
which are rarely to be met with, and being drawn up by writers 
holding different views concerning the value of characters, are often 
not of easy comparison. As early as the year 1839 Dr. Walker- 
Arnott (Edinb. Bot. Soc. Rep. iii. 106) described as varieties of 
F. capreolata, under the names of a. australis, B. Reichenbachii, 
and y. Anglica, three plants (preferring to consider them “ as well- 
marked varieties to separating them as ill-defined species ”), which 
I believe to be the F. speciosa, F. pallidiflora (including F. Borei), 
and F. muralis (perhaps including F. confusa) respectively. As 
Dr. Walker-Arnott had not noticed what I consider as the real 
distinctive characters of these plants, he exercised a sound judgment 
in calling them only varieties; but I rather wonder that in his 
editions of the * British Flora’ he does not mention them—even as 
such. The possession of authentic specimens, received from Mr. 
Leighton, enables me to identify Dr. Walker-Arnott’s plants, and 
to award to him the credit of being apparently the first botanist 
to notice them. In 1841 Mr. Leighton (Fl. Shrop. 344) carefully 
described two forms of the supposed F. capreolata, and adds, that 
that which he distinguishes from the type of the species ** merits 
attention and further remark," which, however, he does not seem 
ever to have given to it. His supposed type of F. capreolata I 
believe to be the F. muralis, Sond., and his second form is the 
F. Borei (Jord.) and the F. capreolata B. Leightonii of my ‘Manual.’ 
Mr. Sonder (Koch, Syn. ed. 2. 1017) described his F. muralis in 
1844; Mr. Jordan his F. confusa in 1848 (Cat. Dij. 18), his F. 
Borei in 1849 (Cat.Gren. 15), his F. speciosa in the same year 
(Cat. Gren. 15), and his F. pallidiflora (Schultz, Arch. 305) in 
1854. 
Before proceeding to define the characters of these plants, care 
must be taken that the species allied to F. agraria (Lag.) are sepa- 
rated from the true Capreolate. They all have very markedly 
tubercular-rugose fruit,—a rugosity very different from the slightly 
rough (dry) fruit of some of our plants. None of them have 
been found in Britain, the climate of which is too cold for them. 
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