190 MR. Б. SPRUCE'8 VISIT TO THE CINCHONA FORESTS 
deep brick-red, and the capsules are usually elongate-oblong, but 
vary to roundish-oblong. Trees of the Pata de gallinazo were 
scarce, and I did not see any in flower or fruit. Both sorts have 
the leaves broadly oval, with or without a slight apiculus, and 
pubescent beneath; but in the Cuchicara the petiole and midrib 
are red, which is not the case with those of the Pata de gallinazo, 
nor do the leaves of the latter turn so red with age. The Cuchi- 
cara has but few virgate branches, while the other has a denser 
ramification. The leaves of the Cascarilla roja are of almost the 
same form as in the other two—perhaps slightly narrower—and I 
eonfess that if I had been shown the leaves only of all three, I 
should without hesitation have referred them to the same species. 
I hope the flowers and fruit may afford clear distinguishing cha- 
racters. The bark of the C. roja is a deep -purple-brown when 
good ; that of the other two species a pale cinnamon-colour. It 
is customary to scrape off the external asperities and lichens in 
the latter, when the surface remains of a pale or whitish colour, 
but this is never done with the Roja. The Cascarilla roja is well 
known to abound in both quinine and cinchonine, and is con- 
sidered far more efficacious in the cure of intermittent fevers than 
the other two, which however are sometimes used in preference 
when it is desired to avoid the astringent effects of the C. roja. 
Of the trees growing along with the Cascarillas in Llalla the 
* Motilón" was the most frequent and the largest, attaining some- 
times 60 feet high. This is the second species I have gathered 
under this name: the fruit is an edible drupe, but I hesitate to 
refer the genus to Amygdalee until I see the flower. With the 
Motilon grew, however, a true Cerasus, with very large leaves ; it 
had flowers and young fruit. Other trees in the same forest were 
the Hualla, the Ignia, a Berberis, a Rhamnus, a Nonatelia, two 
Муғіасее, and especially an arborescent Loranthus, with dense 
spikes of fragrant yellow flowers,—the leaves on some ramuli 
alternate, on others opposite, and on others three together. I had 
previously gathered it on Tunguragua. There was also a Solaneous 
tree, allied to Lycium, but with dull yellow bignonioid flowers 
growing from the naked branches, and in its whole habit remind- 
ing me much of Orescentia. The shrubs included a Barnadesia, 
two Salvie, a sarmentose Fuchsia, and most abundant and orna- 
mental an aphyllous Fuchsia, epiphytal and (after the manner of 
a Cornidia) climbing high up the trees, which it adorned with its 
large vermilion flowers. 
Patches of verdant pasture were scattered in the forests, and in 
