OF THE DIPTEROCARPACEZ, 13 
stamens. Ina few species of Hopea, Vatica, and Balanocarpus 
the number of stamens is reduced to 10, in Monoporandra to 5, 
which are episepalous. On the other hand, there is a larger 
number of stamens in species of Shorea (section .Eushorea and 
subsection Hopeoides of Anthoshorea), in Isoptera, Dryobalanops, 
Dipterocarpus, and Vateria. The number of the stamens, the 
conformation of the filaments, the structure of the anthers, and 
the prolongation of the connective afford most useful characters 
for the systematic arrangement of genera and species, as may 
be seen in the detailed description. 
The ovary is 3-celled, the placenta being in the inner angle of 
the cells. To the placenta near the top are attached 6 anatropous 
ovules, 2 in each cell, the micropyle looking upward and outward. 
In many species there is above the ovary-cells a fleshy stylo- 
podium, varying in shape and size. It is wanting in Vaticea, 
Vateriee, Dryobalanops, Doona, as well as in several species of 
Hopea and Shorea. Its existence or absence, as well as its con- 
formation, furnishes excellent systematic characters. In many 
species with a stylopodium the style is short, in Dipterocarpus 
long, and in Anisoptera there are 3-6 short styles on the top of a 
large fleshy stylopodium. As a rule, even where there is no stylo- 
podium, the ovary is gradually narrowed into the style. There 
are, however, species in which the ovary is blunt and not gradually 
narrowed into the style, and in these cases the style is often 
articulate with the ovary. This is the case in most species of 
Stemonoporus, and in Shorea contorta, Vidal, of section Antho- 
shorea. The style is always glabrous, the stylopodium often hairy, 
even when the ovary is glabrous (Plate II. fig. 21, Shorea inap- 
pendiculata, Burck). 
The fruit is supported by the persistent, and in nearly all 
species enlarged or thickened calyx. In Dryobalanops, Para- 
shorea, and Vatica, section Isauzis, all segments develop into 
large wings, much longer than fruit; in Dipterocarpus, Anisoptera, 
Hopea, Cotylelobium, and Vatica (subgenus Synaptea) only two, 
and where the calyx is imbricate the two outer ones. In Shorea, 
Doona, and Pentacme the two outer and the third (half outer) 
segments lengthen out into long wings. In Vaterieæ, Vatica 
(subgenus Retinodendron), Pachynocarpus, Balanocarpus, and 
Isoptera the calyx-segments are enlarged, thickened, sometimes 
connate with the fruit, but they are equal, and shorter or not 
much longer than the fruit. 
