KNOWLEDGE OF MONOCOTYLEDONOUS SAPROPHYTES, 153 
In the “ central bundle " (central cylinder) the masses of xylem 
form numerous isolated groups which sometimes fuse into long 
masses. The centre is formed of parenchyma rich in starch. 
Phloém devoid of starch forms a peripheral tissue of elements 
with narrow lumina. 
Johow describes the roots of Neottia Nidus-avis as typical in 
structure and triarch. According to him, the central cylinder 
commences with an unthickened endodermis, within which lies a 
pericycle. He says nothing with reference to the minute histology 
of the phloém, but figures the xylem without giving details. 
No exodermis is present. In Johow’s figures one can recognize 
three outermost layers of ccrtex without mycelia; then 2-3 
layers with mycelia; and within six layers with no mycelia. 
WULLSCHLEGELTA, Johow says, possesses two sorts of roots :— 
(1) Thin filamentous roots of normal pentarch structure with an 
exodermis and a transitory epidermis. (2) Fleshy roots with 
flagelliform appendages in which transitions from a pentarch to 
a triarch central cylinder are seen. The stem of Wullschlegelia 
has normal vascular bundles. 
Of Pocontropsis, Johow remarks that the central cylinder in 
the root is reduced. In the centre are two or three wide wood- 
vessels. The pericycle is invested by a weakly thickened irre- 
gular endodermis. The cortex consists of 3-4 layers of cells. 
There is no exodermis. The epidermis persists, and some of its 
cells form short blunt root-hairs. In the inflorescence-azis a ring 
of vascular bundles lies against the general sclerenchyma-sheath. 
In the vascular bundles phloém and xylem are differentiated. 
Thus, in Johow's work the important question as to the minute 
histology of the vaseular bundles is left all but untouched. 
In partieular, no details concerning the composition of the phloëm 
are given. 
Present Observations. 
GALEOLA JAVANICA, Benth. § Hook. f. (Cyrtosia javauica, 
Blume). 
This plant was first described by Blume under the name of 
Cyrtosia javanica. It was not included under the genus Galeola, 
because its fruits are succulent, and are said not to dehisce. But 
Sir Joseph Hooker points out that Galeola Lindleyana (Cyrtosia 
Lindleyana, Hook. f. & Thoms.) has fleshy fruits which exhibit 
no signs of dehiscence till old and dry ; and even then the valves 
