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Eeview of some Points in the Comparative Morphology, Ar 



and Life-History of the Coniferce. By Maxwell T. Masters 

 M.D.. P.R.S.. V.P.L.S.. Corr. Memb. Instit. Prance. 



[Read 18th April, 1889.] 



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Kirk and 



Portugal, Italy, and j 



Mueller, from New Zealand by the courtesj 

 Mr. Hamilton, from America, from Spain, 

 France, and some have been collected by myself in Switzerland. 



I am prevented by considerations of space alone from acknow- 

 ledging separately the assistance I have received from proprietors, 

 gardeners, and nurserymen. 



For much assistance in the matter of microscopical illustrations 

 I am indebted to Mr. Nicholson and to Mr. Reed, and I have 

 also availed myself of the excellent series of sections made to 

 illustrate American Conifers by Dr. King. 



In addition to the fresh specimens I have made use of the 

 materials in the London herbaria, and have controlled and ex- 

 tended the observations made upon the living or cultivated plants 

 by the comparison of the wild ones as represented in the herbaria. 



The illustrations are mostly from original sketches, and several 

 are taken from the ' Gardeners' Chronicle,' to the proprietors of 

 which Journal I am indebted for their use. 















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Inteodtjction. 



The following review is the outcome of personal observation and 

 research carried on at intervals during several years. 



The observations have, for the most part, been made upon living 

 plants and fresh specimens. The living examples have been 

 studied in the Eoyal Gardens, Kew, and in numerous pineta, 

 gardens, nurseries, and plantations throughout the country. 

 Moreover, I have myself had under cultivation from the seedling 

 to the adolescent stage a large number of species and varieties, 

 which have thus been under more or less continuous observation 

 for some years. 



Numerous specimens have been obligingly sent to me from 

 various botanic gardens, such as Edinburgh, Glasnevin, Cambridge, 

 and from the rich experimental garden at Antibes presided over 

 by M. Naudin. Native specimens have also been procured from 

 Australia through the kindness of Baron Sir Ferdinand von 





























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