













ANATOMY, AND LIFE-H1STORT OF' THE' COKIFEB2E. 



271 











































































exposed to the sun, are not developed but are checked in their 

 growth to the advantage of the lower buds. 



In Pinus, on the other hand, the lateral buds in the first 

 instance are erect like the terminal bud ; but as they grow they 

 assume a horizontal direction, as in the species of Abies, but 

 with this important exception, that they generally turn up at the 

 tips as growth goes on, and thus allow of the access of light to 

 the branches beneath. Hence in Finns we find the circlet of 

 buds, whether on the terminal or on the lateral shoots, complete 

 and equally developed on all sides. The relative absence of 

 lateral buds, except near the ends of the shoots, is also a marked 

 feature iu the Abietineae. 



Morphologically the bud is simply the apex of the shoot, and 

 in which longitudinal growth is temporarily checked. This 

 arrest is frequently accompanied by a corresponding check in 

 the growth and iu the development of the leaves, which assume 

 the form of peruto or bud-scales, the perulae being dilatations of 

 the petiolar part of the leaf. In the unexpanded bud the 

 perulae are free at the base, but as the shoot lengthens they are 

 sometimes cast off, sometimes remain attached to it, in which 

 latter case they are uplifted with the growing shoot. 



Intermediate stages may often be found between the perulae 

 and the primordial leaves, showing the homology of the two as 



further illustrated in a former paragraph. 



In th 



led 























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ressines, 



v ~~£*vm VU.U g unrest ul ueveiuuiu^ui/ ao ui mo v^w,j 



the buds are scaleless or naked. 



The bud-scales are arranged spirally aud are frequently com- 

 pacted to<mtiiA» w « a.HaJ ««„„~~ rt ™^r^ ^f fliA k<tirti nr frinsred 









exudati 



























re 8in as in many Firs. These arrangements are evidently 

 adaptations for the protection of the young buds from cold or 



I 



OP 









. 





is afforded by the arrangement of the leaves near the end of the 

 snoot, and which, instead of spreading laterally, are directed 

 vertically parallel to the long axis of the shoot and thus 

 dose over the buds. The fo"rm of the buds and bud-scales 

 affords useful means of discrimination between certain species. 

 us the long thin pointed bud of Pseudotsuga Douglaxii is 

 • ^racteristic of that species, while in various species of Abies it 







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