





294 



DB. M. T. MASTEBS ON THE MOEPHOLOGY, 



Saxe-Gothea, Podocarpus (some species), Araucaria, Cedrus, 

 Larix, &c. 



Male Jlowers capitate : — Taxus, Cephalotaxus. 

 Male Jlowers lateral, spiciform, solitary or clustered : — Abies, 

 Pseudotsuga, Tsuga, Picea, Pinus, Sciadopitys, Cryptomeria, Tor- 

 reya, Phyllocladus, Saxe-Gothea, Dacrydium, Araucaria sp. 



Male Jlowers apparently terminal, umbellate: — Ginkgo, Cun- 

 ninghamia, Pseudolarix, Keteleeria. 



Male Jlowers branched: — Some species of Podocarpus, Tsuga 

 (sometimes), Taxodium. 



Perulation and Phyllotaxy. — In some species there is a direct 

 op abrupt transition between the foliage-leaves and the male 

 sporophylls, as in most of the CupressineaB, Frenela, Microca- 

 chrys, &c. When this happens there is, of course, no break in 

 the sequence of the leaves, the phyllotaxy remains unaltered, 

 foliage-leaves and stamens are alike decussate, and there are 

 no perul® or bracts at the base of the flower, which in such cases 

 is sessile or not markedly stipitate. 



In other species the transition is less abrupt, scale-leaves follow 

 the foliage-leaves, to be succeeded by the true sporophylls. Some- 

 times organs intermediate between leaves and stamens may be 

 found. The formation of perular scales or bracts is, of course, the 

 result of a temporary arrest of growth. When growth recom- 

 mences, it generally happens that the axis of the flower lengthens, 

 so that the flower becomes markedly stipitate. At the same time it 

 usually happens that the perulae and also the stamens are arranged 

 spirally, even though the foliage-leaves may be verticillate : thus in 

 most Cupressine© leaves and stamens are alike decussate ; while 

 in other cases the stamens are spirally disposed even where the 

 leaves are decussate, as in Athrotaxis, Libocedrus, Microcachrys, 

 some species of Podocarpus, e. g. P. dacrydioides, and Dacrydium. 

 Engelmann* says that the number of perular scales, or, as he 

 calls them, involucral bracts (calyx of Linnams), " varies in the 

 different species of Pinus from 3-16; but it is fairly constant in 

 the same species. The two exterior lateral bracts are strongly 

 keeled, like those of the sheath of the leaves, and stouter and 

 mostly shorter than the others ; the third is placed on the upper 

 side towards the axis of the inflorescence ; the fourth on the 

 lower or dorsal side opposite the supporting bract, and so forth. 

























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Engelmann, Genus Pinus, p. 8, 







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