





ANATOMY, AND LIFE-HISTORY OF THE CONI* EEJB. 



303 





seen, the scale at maturity appears to be single ; in other cases 

 there is an appearance which might be supposed to indicate the 

 concrescence of two organs (Libocedrus). 



Griffith *, who was not aware of the internal structure of the 

 scales, considered the scales of the cone of Cupressus as the equi- 

 valent representatives of the membranous scales [bracts] of Pinus, 

 hence he concluded that they were not carpellary leaves but 

 bracts. This view accords with the uninterrupted sequence of 

 the foliage-leaves and cone-scales, but leaves a difficulty as to the 

 origin of the ovules. 



Eichler t once held similar views as to the single and foliar 



nature of thfi <?nnp-spfl 1p« in f.nin err mm _ 

























Kramer J considers the fruit-scales of Cupressineae as single 

 independent leaf -organs which in process of time develop out- 

 growths from their upper surface and from which the ovules 

 spring. These outgrowths are therefore regarded as of a placen- 

 tary nature. 



Van Tieghem, on the other hand, states, from a consideration 

 of the anatomical structure described in a previous paragraph, 

 that the scale is double, consisting of the bract and of the ovuli- 

 ferous scale, which he regards, as in the Abietine®, as the first 

 leaf of an axillary bud producing ovules on its dorsal surface and 



Arcan 



§ 



facts, gives another interpretation of their significance. He con- 

 siders that the two fibro-vascular bundles form part of one and 

 the same organ, i. e. a more or less modified branch bearing 

 female flowers and occasionally a simple leaf. 



* 



The tribe Taxodiese, as defined by Bentham and Hooker, is au 

 artificial group, scarcely, if at all, to be distinguished from the 

 Araucariea? except by the erect ovules, but in Alhrotaxis the 

 ovules are ultimately pendulous. The fruit-scales are arranged 













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Griffith, Itin. Notes, p. 376. 



t Excurs. Morphol., in Flora Brasil. fasc. xxxiv. 1863, col. 435. 



X Kramer, " Beitrage z. Kenntn. d. Entwick. Geschichte u. d. Anat. Banes d. 

 Eruchtblatter d. Cupressineen u. d. Placenten d. Abietineen," Flora, November 

 18 «5, p. 567, tab. 9. 



§ Van Tieghem, Anatomie de la fleur des Gymnospermes, p. 275. 



i Arcangeli, " Sur la Structure de la fleur feraelle des Coniferes, &c," Con- 







1880) 





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