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ANATOMY, AND LIFE-HTSTOEY OF THE CONIFER2E. 319 



titious productions having no direct relation to any of the normal 

 structures *. 



Eichler had the opportunity of examining and of comparirg 

 nearly all the cones studied by his predecessors, and gives drawings 

 representing various stages of malformation from a slight notching 

 of the apex of the fruit-scale to its division into three parts, one 

 posterior and two lateral, and the formation of a bud, or even of 

 a shoot, from the internal portion of the posterior lobe. In the 

 instances examined by myself I have not been able to ascertain 

 satisfactorily the precise origin of the adventitious shoot. 



Eichler' s general conclusions are that the fruit-scale is not a 

 complex organ, but an outgrowth from the bract, so that the bract 

 and the fruit-scale are not two different organs, but parts of one ; 

 and that the bud or shoot, which in these proliferous cones is 

 often produced in the axil of this bipartite body, is the develop- 

 ment of an axillary bud usually latent. This bud may appro- 

 priately be compared to the buds formed at the summit of the 

 branches in Lycopodium Selago t and on the leaf of Isoetes. 



In Lycopodium the sporangium is axillary and erect, often supported on 

 a short stalk. The adventitious buds, above named, are also stalked and 

 flattened in the median plane (as the fruit-scale of the cone is). From the 

 side of the stalk emerge the leaves in decussate pairs, the two lateral leaves 

 of the lowest pair being equal ; the anterior leaf of the pair next above is 

 larger than the posterior. The members of the succeeding lateral pair are 

 equal ; of the fourth pair (median) the anterior one is larger than its fellow, 

 and each appears to arise from the base of the cup formed by the succeeding 

 fifth pair. This fifth pair is lateral, and its components are greatly larger 

 than any two that precede or follow them, and they are so twisted at the 

 base that the surfaces, instead of being in the horizontal plane, are turned 

 nearly into a vertical position and directed antero-posteriorly. More- 







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Compare Eichler, Entgegnung, /. c. p. 81, figs- i-> "•. and p. 92, figs. v.-x. ; 

 «'*o the same author's '« Bildungsabweichungen," I. c. figs. 2-12, and of which 

 & « •almost precisely resembles the condition in the Linnean specimen; figs. 5 

 , 7 also P r «*nt a close resemblance. These figures are taken from speci- 

 es derived from the Botanic Garden of Upsala, whence possibly the Linnean 

 8 Pe«men may al 80 have been derived. 



T *or an account of these buds in Lycopodium see :-Dillenius, Histona 

 ™*- 436 J Newman, History of British Ferns (1844), p. 379 ; Hegel- 

 «f »> Botan. Zeitung (1872), n. 45, and (1874) p. 513. 

 xne buds of Isoetes are described by Goebel in ' Botanische Zeitung,* 1879, n. 1, 

 nd 1U ' 0utl ines of Clarification *£• ed. Balfour, Oxford (1887), p. 295. 



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