206 MR. 8. LE M. MOORE’S STUDIES 
before; and as trials made with Lemna trisulca under similar 
conditions had a like issue, one is bound to conclude that the 
movement is not transmissible. Moreover, from an inspection of 
the microscopical appearances shown by the well-known “ Schat- 
tenbilder " of Sachs*, beautifully illustrated in Borodin’s second 
memoir, the same conclusion is reached in respect of the higher 
plants. 
The Movements of Chlorophyll Grains in the Dark. 
The observations of Famintzin, Frank, Stahl, &c. upon this 
subject have before been alluded to. The chief results obtained 
by them may be thus recapitulated :— 
(i.) The chlorophyll of Funaria passes into apostrophe after 
some hours’ exposure to darkness (exceptionally one hour, Borodin). 
(ii.) Apostrophe is assumed by darkling plants of Elodea and 
Vallisneria very slowly, not being quite complete even in ten 
weeks (Frank) ; and in this they are imitated by fern-prothallia 
and most Musci and Hepatice. 
Cii.) The grains of Lemna trisulca are, after twenty-four hours 
in the dark, nearly all collected upon the side-walls in the thin mar- 
ginal portion of the leaf, or upon these and the inner wall in the 
thick central part; those of Stellaria media leaves are after the 
above period found upon the side-walls. 
(iv.) If Funaria-leaves be brought from darkness into direct 
sunlight, no change in the position of the chlorophyll results ; 
but if prothallia with grains in apostrophe be removed from 
sunlight to darkness, epistrophe is partially assumed. 
It is a matter for surprise that, with the exception of some 
experiments on succulent plants and of Borodin's on Stellaria 
media, khe behaviour in darkness of the chlorophyll of the higher 
aerophytes has never been recorded ; and this is the more remark- 
able because, if care be taken in the selection of types, no 
difficulty worth mention blocks the way. In prosecuting his 
discoveries on the movement of the grains in sunlight, Stahl made 
chief use of Oxalis Acetosella leaflets which he, after insolation, 
discoloured and rendered partially transparent by the action of 
alcohol. For the following experiments it was deemed advisable, 
though not absolutely necessary, to choose as types the more 
transparent plants or parts of plants; by this means the position 
of the grains could be readily seen without the use of any reagent 
* Ber. d. math.-phys. Olasse &c. 1859, and No. xxxv. of the ** Vorlesungen." 
