862 MR. 8. LE M. MOORE’S STUDIES 
of the behaviour of their congeners ; in both of them apostrophe 
was incomplete after three days in the dark, though in the former 
the grains had, within this period, massed to some extent in the 
cells’ arms. R. sceleratus, however, should perhaps have been 
included in the list with Hypericum elodes, as both affect similar 
localities; and I am disposed to regard R. bulbosus as essentially 
a shade-lover, for its leaves, almost all radical ones, are commonly 
hidden away among glass-blades, so as to be but little exposed to 
direct sunlight; the same explanation was advanced in the former 
memoir à propos of the tardy apostrophe of Saxifraga granulata 
chlorophyll. Another apparent exception is Tropeolum majus, 
with apostrophe still imperfect after three days’ darkness; but 
seeing that this is a climber, and as such liable to be overshadowed 
by its supporting plant, we might expect to find its protoplasm 
toned to the lower grades of illumination, although it appears 
from the first of the above lists that this is not the case with the 
much faster-growing Piswm sativum and Lathyrus odoratus. 
In confirmation of the second statement the few facts which 
follow may be cited :— 
Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Chlorophyll positively apostrophized, 
insolation being continued for seven hours. Three days after- 
wards—-the plant having meanwhile remained in darkness—many 
of the grains were in epistrophe. 
Polygonatum multiflorum. A cut shoot with positively apostro- 
phized chlorophyll, examined after six days’ subsequent exposure 
to the dark, had most of the grains in epistrophe. 
A. plant of Viola odorata was set in sunlight for six hours, and 
then placed in the dark chamber; forty-two hours thereafter 
almost all the ehlorophyll was epistrophized. 
The two following experiments, made in July, are also in 
point:—In the first of these, Viola odorata, Polygonatum multi- 
florum, Ivy, and Cireza lutetiana were the shade-loving types, 
and Senecio vulgaris and Campanula Medium the sun-loving ones. 
They were all set in brilliant sunlight for three hours, and after 
remaining twenty hours in darkness, it was found that whereas 
the chlorophyll of the sun-lovers' lowest mesophyll-layer was still 
in apostrophe, in the others more or less epistrophe had declared 
itself. The second experiment resulted similarly, Viola odorata, 
Polygonatum multiflorum, and Circea lutetiana serving in this a8 
before and a young vigorous wallflower plant doing duty as & 
»un-lover. 
