ON SELF-FERTILIZATION IN ORCHIDS. 389 
Eschscholtzia californica. 
Fig. 32. a, a single chlorophyll grain; b, c, d, coherent grains; e, a small 
expressed chlorophyll figure. From a plant deprived of light for a 
week x 600. . 
Scilla bifolia. 
Fig. 33. Section of a leaf showing bent palisade-cells. (After Haberlandt.) 
Notes on Self-fertilization and leistogamy in Orchids. 
By Henry N. Rivrky, M.A., F.L.S. 
[Read 16th February, 1888.] 
(Puate XVI.) 
Ir has long been pointed out that among the Orchids, though 
they are plants peculiarly modified for insect-fertilization, in- 
stances of self-fertilization are not unknown. Darwin, in his 
work on the ‘Fertilization of Orchids,’ cites ten species in which 
self-fertilization normally or rarely occurs, and Forbes, Fitzgerald, 
Cheeseman, and others have added to the list. I have little 
doubt but that, especially among the small green-flowered orchids 
of the Tropics, many more examples will be found; but this is a 
subject which can only be studied in the living plants, and best 
of all in wild plants. Unfortunately these incons picuous-flowered 
orchids are not often brought to our conservatories, so that it 
rarely happens that a botanist can study these forms. I have 
recently had the opportunity of seeing one or two Brazilian 
orchids in the wild state which appear sometimes, at all events, 
to fertilize themselves; and Mr. F. W. Burbidge, of Trinity 
College Gardens, Dublin, has recently sent me an exceedingly 
interesting Trichopilia, which seems invariably to be cleisto- 
gamous, 
The most common terrestrial orchid around Pernambuco is Æceo- 
clades maculata. Lindl. (syn. Eulophia maculata, Reichb. e 
cum maculatum, Lindl., Eulophidium maculatum, Pfitzer). B 
plant has always been a puzzling species, as its synonymy denot 8. 
Usually referred to the neighbourhood.of Eulophia, Dr. Pfitzer has 
expressed his opinion (Entwurf. ein. Nat. Anordn. p. 87) that it k 
more nearly allied to the Maxillariæ. The plant grows in the woo 
