394 ON SELF-FERTILIZATION IN ORCHIDS. 
upon the stigma, to which they were adherent. In Chiloglottis 
diphylla, Fitzgerald states that the plant is adapted for insect- 
fertilization; but should this fail, the lip in withering 18 drawn 
up to meet the column, the calli attach themselves to the pollinia 
and extract them from the anther-cap, eventually rubbing them 
against the stigma. To this class must also belong Arundina 
speciosa, Blume, concerning which see H. O. Forbes in Journ. 
Linn. Soc., Bot. xxi. p. 543. . 
3. By falling forward of the pollinia, from the clinandrium or 
the anther-cap, the caudicle and gland remaining attached to the 
column. Ophrys apifera, Linn., is a well-known instance of this 
class, to which belong also (Eceoclades maculata, the Trichopilia 
fragrans mentioned above, and the Eria deseribed by Forbes 
in the paper just cited. In Spathoglottis Pauline, Fitzg., the 
pollinia slip forward, remaining attached by their apex, and curve 
round into the stigma. D. 
4. By flooding of the stigma. The pollen-masses remain 1n 
the anther-cap, or on the clinandrium, while the stigma exudes so 
great a quantity of stigmatie fluid that it eventually reaches the 
edge of the pollinia, which immediately emit pollen-tubes. This 
seems to be the commonest method of self-fertilization. In 
some cases it is facilitated by suppression of the rostellum, as 
in Cephalanthera pallens, Rich., Epipactis viridiflora, Reichb. f., 
and the Australian form of Spiranthes australis, and one form of 
Phaius Blumei, Lindl. Without suppression of the rostellum it 
is recorded in the case of Spathoglottis plicata, Blume, Phaius 
Blumei, Lindl., Eria albido-tomentosa, a species of Chrysoglossum, 
and species of Schomburgkia, Epidendrum, and Cattleya, recorded 
without specific names by Crüger. Also in Thelymitra longifolia, 
R. Br., and 7. circumsepta, Fitzg., both species of Calochilus, 
Orthoceras stricta, R. Br., and Goodyera procera, Lindl. 
I would point out, in conclusion, that among the Orchids which 
often fertilize themselves will be found some of the species having 
the widest distribution in the Order, e. g. Spathoglottis plicata, 
Spiranthes australis, Eceoclades maculata. 
DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XVI. 
Fig. 1. Trichopilia fragrans, a cleistogamous flower ; nat. size. m 
2. Upper part of column, much enlarged, showing the anther (A) slipping 
out of the clinandrium (Cl) into the stigma (s). a is the stelidium. 
3. The same, viewed from the side. : 
