246 MISS H. BANDULSKA ON THE CUTICULAR STRUCTURE OF 
are comparable in position with those of Frenelopsis (Thompson, 1912), and 
the guard cells are not visible. These accessory cells are very remarkably 
shaped. Each may be regarded as a crescent which in many cases has 
become pulled out at its greatest convexity to form a sharp angle, and again, 
instead of turning at each side of the crescent to form a smooth horn, forms 
a sharp angle with enormously thickened wall at the bend where the outer 
convex wall passes into the inner wall. Because of the acuteness of these 
angles, the junction of the two accessory cells forms a deep and wide sinus, 
bounding the pore. Owing to the projecting angle in the middle of each 
convex outer wall, their width at right angles to the pore is much greater 
than their diameter parallel to the pore, i. e., as 03 mm. isto ‘012 mm. They 
are filled with spicules, generally branched, which radiate fanwise from the 
inner to the outer walls, sometimes dividing into two groups in each cell, 
but sometimes being parallel to the long axis of the cell instead of at right 
angles to it. The writer does not believe these cell contents to be the result 
of post-mortem changes, although one must not exclude that possibility. 
The inner walls of the accessory cells are thick, appear corrugated, and 
bound a cruciform pore, two of the points of the cross following the pro- 
jecting angle in the middle of each convexity of the cell, while the other two 
points of the cross are directed towards the lowest depression of the angular 
sinus at the junction of the accessory cells, as seen in surface view. Both 
stomata and accessory cells are remarkably asymmetric. Thus one cell may 
be distinctly smaller as a whole than its partner. Again, one cell of a pair 
may have one horn, usually a lateral horn, longer and more thickened than 
any other of the horns of the pair. The stomata occur between every one, 
two, or three epidermal cells. Veins of from seven to very many cells 
across, with some extremely thick-walled cells, and branching at a wide angle, 
intersect the surface. The cells which compose the vein are elongated and 
show some signs of sliding growth, some having one tapering and sharply 
pointed end, while the other end is blunt. Their thickness is not uniform. 
Numerous papillate cells with dome-shaped outer walls border the veins and 
lie upon them. They are at a higher level than the epidermal cells, require 
a different focus for their examination, and are thick-walled stone cells 
occurring in groups, forming mounds of cells whose outer walls appear 
dome-shaped. The individual cells are thick-walled and in many cases 
form rather irregular rosettes. The topmost cells are the smallest and 
have the thickest walls. 
Upper Epidermis (Pl. 20. fig. 9).—This is sharply distinguished from the 
under epidermis by its lack of stomata. Its cells are thick-walled and consisu 
of uniform parenchyma across which spreads a network of veins and papillæ 
similar to those of the under surface. The cells vary much in shape. They 
may be square or oblong or 5- or 6-sided with their edges frequently very 
rounded instead of being angular. One preparation showed very delicate 
