262 MISS H, BANDULSKA ON THE CUTICULAR STRUCTURE OF 
Cuticular Structure (Pl. 21. figs. 35, 36). 
Stomatal Apparatus.—Florin (1920) has described the cuticle. He says 
that the lower surface always bears two bands of stomata, each band con- 
sisting of five rows, and that the upper surface often bears several rows of 
stomata on each side of the midrib. He quotes Mahlert (1885) as describing 
the stomata lying in longitudinal rows on the under surface of the leaf, 
parallel to the orientation of the vascular bundles, but with the long axis of 
the pore, in the majority of instances, placed at right angles to the long axis 
of the leaf. Mahlert describes the stomata of the upper surface of the leaf 
as being without definite orientation on either side of the middle line. 
Florin finds that the stomata on the under surface, as also on the upper 
surface, are not always transversely placed, but show much axial variation, 
every transition between the transverse and longitudinal direction of the long 
axis of the pore being seen, although the greater number of stomata show 
more or less clearly that the long axis of the pore is placed at right angles to 
the length of the leaf. The stomata, he says, are usually surrounded by four 
epidermal cells, of which two are often halfmoon-shaped and orientated in 
the longitudinal direction. The poral diameters he vives as about 26 y in 
length and 14 win breadth. I find in my preparations that the arrangement 
he describes is very common, but I also find, not infrequently, pores 
surrounded by FIVE EPIDERMAL cells forming a rosette arrangement (see fig. 35). 
This is a point of interest, as it is also seen in Tuxodium europeum and, 
moreover, there is extreme variability in the size and orientation of the cells 
surrounding the pore. They are much less definitely specialised than are 
those of Glyptostrobus or Taxodium europæum. 
Epidermal Cells —Florin describes the epidermal cells also. He says that 
a varying number, of different sizes, intervene between the individual 
stomata in a row, while between the rows of stomata usually a single series 
intervenes, and further, that the cells are rectangular, orientated in the 
longitudinal direction, and not strongly thickened. The ratio of breadth to 
length he gives as 3 : 20-3 : 10. 
I find that, while this is the general plan, close examination shows that 
there is some variation. Thus two rows of cells may intervene between the 
stomata, as occurs also in Taxodium europeum. Some of the epidermal cells 
are slightly oblique in their orientation, others are transversely placed and 
the rows are not strictly parallel, but tend to run into each other. Some of 
these cells again are narrower at one end than at the other, just as in the 
fossil form, Kräusel (1920) has described a fossil form, Taxodium distichum 
miocenicum, from the Tertiary flora of Silesia. It is considered much to 
resemble Sequoia Langsdorjii, but to differ from it in the absence of a 
decurrent base. 
