316 MR. W. 0. HOWARTH ON THE OCCURRENCE AND 
that it may have spread from two centres, but Druce thinks it might be indi- 
genous in the woods on the Bere Estate hetween Pangbourne and Bradfield 
(v.e. 22). See 6b. pp. 322-3 ; 6v. p. 405 : 69. p. 288; and 6 A. p. 135. 
Sp. II. F. RUBRA Linn. 1753, p. 74, emend. How. 1923 : pp. 324 et seq. below. 
F. eu-rubra Hack. 1882, p. 138. 
" Aschers. & Graeb. 1900, p. 497. 
F. rubra Nym. Consp. p. 827 (incl. F. fallax). 
» Koch, 1907, p. 2774. 
Forms a loose, or rarely, compact turf. Intravaginal and extravaginal 
branches about equal in number ; the latter creeping, or curved from the 
base, becoming erect. Sheaths of radical leaves entire, when dead scarcely 
and irregularly fibrous. Laminz obtuse, keeled along the midrib on the 
under side, of radical leaves with 5-7 nerves and %-5-7-costate : a sub- 
epidermal separate strand of sclerenchyma usually corresponds to each 
vascular bundle on the under surface, and also at the margins, and less fre- 
quently, along the apex of each ridge of the upper surface. The entire group 
of forms shows marked similarity in the transverse section of the radical 
leaf (Pl. 26), which forms a very useful means of distinguishing members 
of this group from heterophylla or juncifolia, especially the latter. The culm 
laminæ are broader, flatter, with more numerous strands and bundles. Sterile 
glumes unequal, the upper extending to about the middle of the fertile one 
above it. Fertile glumes narrowly or broadly lanceolate, apex mucronate to 
aristate. Ovary glabrous. 
Key to Subspecies. 
1. Extravaginal branches all erect or nearly so ...,,,.,..,........... fallax, 
2. Stock decidedly creeping; stolons bear brown scale-leaves. .......... genuina. 
Subsp. l. GENUINA. 
F. eu-rubra, var. 1 (6) genuina Hack. 1882, p. 158. 
" " »  Aschers. & Graeb. 1900, p. 497. 
F. rubra Koch, 1857, p. 705. 
»  Nym. Consp. p. 827 (excl. F. fallax). 
» Richt. Pl. Europ. p. 99 (excl. planifolia). 
Loosely cæspitose; extravaginal branches at first more or less widely 
creeping, with brown scale-leaves, then becoming erect. Sheaths glabrous or 
puberulous. Radical laminæ folded, obtusely keeled, 5-7-nerved, —7-9 
sclerenchymatous strands ; culm ones, flat or nearly so. 
Key to Varieties. 
1. Stolons shortly creeping. 
a. Fertile glumes less than 6 mm. long, mucronate to aristate, 
glabrous or few short hairs near tip ............,,.... vulgaris. 
^. Fertile glumes more than 6 mm. long, glabrous .......... grandiflora. 
e. Dark green foliage with “bloom” ....... nern tenuifolia, 
D [o] . 
