320 MR. W. O. HOWARTH ON THE OCCURRENCE AND 
have for some time recognized a form sub-glabra or glabrescens of arenaria, 
and there are undoubtedly glabrous forms connecting it with juncea. 
Hackel recognizes this. 
(h) ARENARIA. (PI. 28.) 
F. rubra, eu-rubra, genuina, subvar. E. arenaria Hack. 1882, p. 140. 
F. rubra, arenaria Koch, 1844, p. 939. 
» »  Syme, 1872, p. 147. 
" » Richt. Pl. Europ. p. 99. 
» »  Aschers. & Graeb. 1900, p. 499. 
E» 
* rubra Sm. 1800, p. 116 in part ; 1809, t. 2056 ; 1832, p. 61. 
F. arenaria Osb. 1805, p. 4. 
Extensively creeping. Leaves fairly rigid, 0-9 or more mm. diam. 
(Pl. 26. fig. 4 4). subepidermal selerenchymatous strands usually strongly 
developed but distinct ; panicle 7-13 cm. long; spikelets usually large, 
elliptico-lanceolate, 9-13 mm. long, bearing 4-8 flowers; sterile glumes 
unequal, fertile ones broader above the lower half (contrast juneifolia), 
surface densely hispid or villose. 
No doubt well distributed around our coasts although actual records are 
from v.c’s, 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, 19, 27, 28, 48, 54, 58, 59, 60, 62, 66,67. It 
must not be confused with either var. dumetorum, or Sp. juncifolia. 
Subsp.2. FALLAX. (Pl. 29.) 
F. fallax Thuill. 1824, p. 50. 
» Richt. Pl. Europ. p. 100. 
F. rubra, eu-rubra, var. 4 (9) Jallax Hack. 1882, p. 142. 
F. rubra, fallax Nym. 1878, p. 127; 1889, p. 338. 
" » Koch, 1907, p. 2774. 
Densely cæspitose ; extravaginal branches (fewer than intravaginal ones) 
bend upwards at once and do not creep. For the rest as var. genuina and 
parallel to it. It occurs as subvars. grandiflora and barbata as in genuina. 
Apart from the root-stock it is impossible definitely to distinguish the two 
varieties, but certain aids to identification are found in the greater inequality 
of the sterile glumes: in fallax the first is less than two-thirds the second : 
the fertile glumes are also more slender, gently tapering to the awn, and the 
awns longer in proportion. On account of its habit it has been frequently 
confused with F. ovina, but the differences are well marked, as is set forth 
below. Its occurs commonly as a constituent of the chalk grassland (e. g. 
the Downs), and much that has been ascribed to F. ovina is really F. rubra, 
fallax. It also occurs on the limestone of S. Wales and Derbyshire. 
According to Schroeter (1908, p. 294) it extends to a height of 2760 m, in 
the Alps, and forms in places an almost pure turf. In Britain it has been 
collected from v.c's. 8, 12, 15, 16, 17, 22, 34, 38, 41, 55, 57. 
Subvar. barbata, v.c’s. 4, 22, 
