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DISTRIBUTION OF FESTUCA RUBRA IN BRITAIN. 32 
at interdum in maritimus undique villosi.” Then he refers to several speci- 
mens some of which are in his herbarium, the property of the Linnean 
Society. These the present author determines as follows :— 
i. “At Yarmouth, Mr. Woodward,” is F. juneifolia St. Am., though 
not so robust as the type. Another plant on the same sheet is 
F. rubra, genuina, glaucescens. 
ii. “ Scarborough, Mr. Teesdale,” is F. rubra, genuina, arenaria. 
iii. * Dumfriesshire, Mr. J. Durgess," and 
iv. * Near Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmorland, 1783,” are F. rubra, genuina, 
vulgaris. 
Later, however, Smith (1809, t. 2056) under Festuca rubra figures var. 
arenaria, no doubt influenced by Linnæus’s herbarium sheet, but in his 
description he refers to alpine specimens having a less spreading root. In 
1832 (p. 61) he definitely states: “Root extensively creeping. — Inhabits 
loose barren sands of the sea coast.” He therefore ultimately limits 
F. rubra to var. arenaria. At the same time he relegates the more cæspitose 
forms with a tendency to a creeping root to F. duriuscula. Linnæus never 
refers io the glumes of F. rubra being glabrous or hairy, although he makes 
these characters a point of difference between his F. duriuscula and 
F. dumetorum. Haller (1742, p. 210, no. 9, and 1768, p. 215, no. 1440) 
describes the glumes as sub-hirsute and lightly sub-hirsute. Leers (1789, 
p. 32, no. 76) describes the spikelets as pubescent. 
A study of the descriptions of F. duriuscula will help us further to 
elucidate the problem.  Linnæus’s first description of this grass (1753, p. 74) 
is that of Royen slightly emended. Thus Royen (1740, p. 68, no. 7) has :— 
* Festuca foliis setaceis, radicalibus minoribus, panicula inferne ramosa 
nutante, spicis adscendentibus hispidis. Ray hist. 1286, syn. 413. Bauh. 
hist. 2. p. 463.” 
Linnæus alters the order, quotes the descriptions of Ray and Bauhin and 
adds a reference to Scheuchzer :— 
“Festuca panicula nutante inferne ramosa, spicis adscendentibus hispidis, 
foliis setaceis. Roy. lugdb. 68. 
Gramen pratense, panicula duriore laxa unam partem spectante. Raj. 
hist. 1286, Scheuch. gram. 285. 
Gramen tenue duriuseulum et pene junceum. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 463. 
Habitat in Europe pratis siccis." 
On critically examining the above references we find that the plant 
described by Ray (1285, not 1286) is a form of F. rubra, whilst the 
descriptions of Scheuchzer and Bauhin, and the figure of the latter, suggest 
a form of F. ovina. 
In 1763 (p. 108} Linnæus adds his own description :—* panicula secunda 
