326 MR. W. 0. HOWARTH ON THE OCCURRENCE AND 
oblonga, spieulis sexfloris oblongis levibus, foliis setaceis," and gives an 
additional reference to Ray (1724, p. 413, t. xix. fig. 1). On p. 109 he de- 
scribes for the first time F. dumetorum :—* panicula spiciforme pubescente, 
foliis filiformibus. Hab. in Hispania. 
Culmi pedales v. sesquipedales, filiformes, teretes geniculis duobus 
tumidis. Folia Radicalia pedalia, teretia, vix ancipitia ; Caulina breviora, 
canaliculata. Panicula parva, quasi spicata. Spicule 10 s. 12, oblonge, 
pubescentes, canescentes ; inferiores geminæ, pedicellatæ ; superiores sessiles, 
solitarie.  Glumæ terminate arista minuta. Figura Moris. hist. 3, f. 8, t. 2. 
f. ult. hane refert. Bulbi sepe prognascuntur intra vagines culmi. Affinis 
valde F. duriuseulæ.” 
In 1767 (p. 96) under F. duriuseula Linnæus says :— “ Convenit cum 
F. dumetorum. Foliis radicalibus filiformibus canaliculatis ; caulinis planis 
gramineis ; Differt vero Glumis levibus.” 
In his herbarium there is a sheet (no. 10) on which is pencilled in Smith's 
handwriting “ duriuscula, Sp. Pl. ed. 1”; aud a label written “ gramen 
loliaceum, vol. 1, pag. 336, no. 5” is by Allioni and refers to Seguier (1745). 
Smith must have had some authority for thus naming the plants because he 
calls them Linnæus’s own specimens (1798, t. 470 in text). There are six 
plants on the sheet. One is F. capillata Lam. (F. tenuifolia Sibth.). Of the 
five remaining only panicles are mounted, so that it is exceedingly difficult 
to determine them with certainty. Four strongly suggest F. rubra, fallax, 
forma barbata, since they have hairy spikelets, the sterile glumes are very 
unequal and the fertile ones slender, tapering to a long awn ; but they may 
belong to genuina, barbata. The fifth panicle certainly suggests a form of 
F. rubra, genuina on account of its large size and large, glabrous, almost 
mucronate glumes. In emending his description of F. duriuscula (1763) it 
is possible that Linnaeus recognized this difference between glabrous and 
hairy glumes, retaining the one glabrous form as emended duriuscula and 
regarding the four hairy forms as F. dumetorum. This seems to be confirmed 
by his two sheets of F. dumetorum. The one (Sheet no. 7) was first written 
up by Linnzus, Festuca duriuscula, but he later put his pen through durius- 
cula and wrote dumetorum. On the back of this sheet he wrote, “ Valde 
affinis F. duriuscula sed spicules pubescentes." This is precisely what he 
emphasizes in 1763 and 1767. He evidently wrote his first description of 
F. dumetorum on the basis of this plant which he raised from seed in the 
Uppsala garden, and we may rightly regard it as the type. It is interesting 
to note, however, that this plant is not F. dumetorum in Hackel’s sense, but 
F. rubra, genuina, barbata. So is the plant on the other sheet (no. 8), 
formerly mistakenly named “ nodosa ” on account of nodal swellings on the 
culm due to insect infection, later renamed by Linnæus F. dumetorum. 
Panicle differences between forms of F. rubra, fallax and F. rubra, genuina 
are very slight and not easily noticed, so that it is conceivable that Linnæns 
