ONOSMAS OF LINNÆUS AND SIBTHORP. 380 
(2) O. sımpuicıssımum. “Habitat in Sibiria. Gmelin." There are two 
specimens; no. 1, labelled, “ simplicissima” by Linnæus and marked -€ as 
sent by Gerber (not Gmelin), and therefore coming from South Russia, not 
Siberia; also no. 4, marked 3- as coming from Gmelin. This no. 4 has not 
been named by Linnæus ; it is composed of small pieces, parts of a larger 
plant, and is unquestionably simplieissimum, though Smith has pencilled, but 
afterwards cancelled, “ echioides a,” to which these pieces bear no resemblance. 
(3) ©. ORIENTALE. “ Foliis lanceolatis hispidis, fructibus pendulis. 
Cerinthe orientalis Amen. acad. iv. 267. Habitat in Oriente." The words 
fructibus pendulis point clearly to a Podonosma, but to which of the two 
known species—the Syrian P. syriacum (Labill.) Boiss., or the Egyptian 
P. galalense Schweinf. in Boiss. Or. iv. p. 1198 ? In Am. Ac. loc. cit. 
(Cent. I. no. 16) a fuller description is given, and the plant is said to have 
been collected by Hasselquist “in Aegypto.” On the other hand, in the 
‘Flora Palæstina? Cerinthe orientalis is catalogued as collected by Hasselquist 
in Judæa (Am. Ac. iv. p. 452). Now, although the Linnean herbarium does 
not contain O. orientale, there is a specimen in Hasselquist’s collection at 
Upsala which Dr. Juel has identified as Podonosma syriacum in spite of the 
sheet having nothing written on it except the letters “ aeg." evidently signi- 
fying * Aegyptus." A photograph which Dr. Juel has kindly sent me (and 
which is here reproduced, Pl. 38) entirely confirms this determination. He 
writes: “I do not think that the letters Aeg. were written by Hasselquist .... 
in my opinion it is probable that Thunberg wrote aeg. on this and many other 
spees. in this collection, and that he only meant to say that the specimen 
belongs to Hasselquist's collection of oriental plants, which he signifies 
indiscriminately as Egyptian." Indeed, it is most improbable that Hasselquist 
should have visited so out-of-the-way a spot as the caves of Wady Natfe, 
where Schweinfurth found Podonosma galalense. Moreover, in Am. Ac. 
there is quoted as an uncertain synonym `“ Symphytum orientale echit folio 
minori Tourn. Cor. 62”. There is no specimen of this in Tournefort’s 
herbarium, but it could not have been Egyptian. 
It must not be overlooked that Boissier, Fi. Or. iv. p. 1199, says “ Onosma 
orientale ex herbarii Linneani inspectione est O. stellulati W. K. forma,” 
but he is referring to specimen no. 5, which represents not O. orientale but 
O. echioides, and will be discussed below. 
(4) O. EcHIoIDES. This is the only Linnean species that still presents any 
difficulty. Linnæus was well aware of the inadequacy of his treament of it, 
for in his own copy of Sp. Pl. ed. 2 he has written against echioides, “ här är 
flere species "—“ here are many species.” His first mention of the more or 
less closely-related forms which have laid claim to the specific name is in 
Hort. Cliff. p. 48, as Cerinthe foliis lanceolato-linearibus hispidis, with Austria 
