ONOSMAS OF LINNAEUS AND SIBTHORP, 399 
France. The three synonyms quoted for Bin Sp. Pl. are Anchusa lutea 
major C. B. P., Anchusa tertia Cam., and Anchusa lutea Dalech. Hist. p. 1102. 
Although Anchusa flore exalbido Clus., which had been mentioned in Hort. 
Cliff., is not repeated in Sp. PL. it is included in the Bauhin synonym, which 
to a great extent is based on it. Clusius described his species first in Rar. 
Stirp. Pann. p. 677, with figure on p. 678 (1583), and then again in Hist. ii. 
p. 165 (1601), as a biennial plant growing “in monte Badensibus thermis 
imminente ... apud Carnuntum ... Pannoniæ ...nune Petronella vocatum, 
maxima copia, tum plerisque aliis Pannoniæ Austriæque locis. Both the 
localities Baden and Petronell are in Lower Austria, where O. Visianii grows. 
This habitat, in conjunetion with the very pale flowers and the mention that 
the plant is biennial, seems sufficient to identify Clusius's plant with that 
species alone. Nevertheless, the Austrian botanists, as well as Javorka, treat 
Clusius’s name as including O. arenarium Waldst. et Kit. also. If they are 
right, O. arenarium too is covered by echioides B. Nothing much can be made 
of Anchusa tertia, but the citation of Dalechamp brings in his Anchusa lutea, 
which * nascitur in sabulosis propter Lugdunum, et qua Lugduno itur 
Valentiam Allobrogum," thus explaining the ** habitat in Gallia ? of Linnæus 
and embracing O. arenarium auct. gall., which is well known in the valley of 
the Rhone. The figure of Dalechamp’s plant rather suggests O. echioides 
auct. gall., which must also be included for other reasons. Why Linnæus 
cites Helvetia as well, I have been unable to discover, but that he has done so 
sweeps in G. vaudense Gremli, a form hardly distinguishable from French 
“arenarium.” 
The Linnean herbarium contains no specimen corresponding to O. Vistanit; 
none from Austria, but there are two of French origin. No. 6 is labelled 
“echioides” and ex Monsp.” This Montpellier specimen is haplotrichous, 
and seems to be precisely the O. echioides of. Grenier and Godron. No. 7, 
also haplotrichous, has a label in the handwriting of Latourrette as follows : 
* Onosma echioides L. B; apud nos planta tota lutea ; videtur Simphitum 
echit ampliore, radice rubra, flore flavo Tournef. ; ad Rhodanum in siccis et ad 
vias." This is undoubtedly the arenarium of French authors= O. arenarium 
Waldst. et Kit. var. pyramidatum Braun-Bl. 
These various forms, whether separated specifically or lumped in a 
comprehensive species, are not entitled to the plain name O. echioides L., 
which must be confined to Columna’s plant. What name or names they 
should collectively or severally bear cannot be discussed in this note, but we 
may remark that the conflicting statements as to the characters and duration 
of O. arenarium are most confusing. In the Plant. Rar. Hung. arenarium is 
emphatically separated as perennial from the biennial O. echioides Jacq.= 
O. Visianii Clem. Javorka maintains the distinction, partly on that very 
ground of duration. The Zürich authors, on the contrary, define O. arenartum 
as biennial, treating O. Visianii as a mere subspecies (meaning little more 
than the variety of most authors), but keep O. echioides Gren. et Godr. as a 
LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XLVI. 2G 
