SOME RECENT AND FOSSIL FAGACEÆ. 429 
NOTHOFAGUS BETULOIDES Blume. Lower Epidermis (Pl. 39. figs. 5, 6). 
The stomata are grouped into areas by venules. They are very numerous 
and but few parenchyma cells occur between them. The guard cells are 
broad, with thickened cuticular poral rims and their line of junction is 
thickened, the thickening being continued like the top of a “T” piece at the 
TEXT-FIG. 3. 
Nothofagus betuloides. x 940. 
Hesinous papilla base. 
outer edge of the curve of the two guard cells. Each pair of guard 
cells is surrounded by 8-12 radially-grouped epidermal cells. The average 
diameter of the guard cells parallel to the pore is ‘032 mm., and at right 
angles to the pore is ‘030 mm. The venules are 4-12 cells wide, and 
consist of parenchyma which is somewhat elongated towards the middle of the 
venules. There are numerous papilla bases on the venules, frequently where 
veins meet. Each papilla base consists of a radiating group of about 20 
somewhat elongated cells whose radial and cross walls bordering the opening 
are very thickened (see text-fig. 3). 
TEXT-FIG. 4. 
Nothofayus betuloides. 
Parenchyma from upper surface. 
` Upper Epidermis. —The veins bear papilla bases. The parenchyma cells 
are much larger than those of the lower epidermis (see text-fig. 4). 
