SOME RECENT AND FOSSIL FAGACEÆ. 431 
thick cuticular rim and a thickened peg or knob occurs at both inner 
junctions of the guard cells, but the characteristic T-shaped thickening is 
not seen at the poles of the long axes in well-macerated material. The outer 
walls of the guard cells are very delicate, only taking up stains faintly, and 
their line of junction tends to break down. There is no obvious grouping of 
parenchyma cells about the stomata. The stomata are almost isodiametric 
and variable in size. Their average diameters are ‘023 mm. by ‘023 mm. 
Upper Epidermis.—This consists of regular, straight. thick-walled paren- 
chyma crossed by venules bearing a very few hair-bases. The average 
measurements of the various cells of this species of Nothofagus are in striking 
agreement with those of the corresponding cells of Dictylophyllum Stopese. 
Nornoracus Moore Krasser. Lower Mpidermis (PI. 89. figs. 12, 13). 
This closely resembles N. Menziesii (see below). Here, as in the latter 
species, stomata and thick-walled parenchyma are in definite groups enclosed 
by a practically rectangular venule network, but the walls of the epidermal 
cells are straight, and those surrounding the stomata stain more deeply than 
the rest. Radiate groups of thick-walled cells suggesting resin papillæ or 
their bases occur scattered over the lower surface between the stomata and 
on the venules, in some cases overarching the stomata in a dome-like way. 
The guard cells, large but variable in size and frequently broader than long, 
have thickened poral rims but no definite “T” piece at their junctions. 
Each stoma may be compared to a jewel set in a claw ring, for the radiate 
walls of the surrounding cells are ridged and grip the stomata like claws. 
The average diameters of the stomata are ‘029 mm. by ‘035 mm. 
Upper Epidermis.—This is composed of thick and straight-walled paren- 
chyma and ill-defined venules bearing scattered bulbous 2-celled hairs, each 
seated on a base of about 10 radiating cells. The bulbous basal cell stains 
very deeply. 
NoTHOFAGUS MENZIESIT Oerst.—Hooker says that this species is very 
similar to some of the states of N. Cunninghami of Tasmania (Hooker, 1844), 
but the cuticular structure is quite distinct. 
Lower Epidermis (Pl. 89. figs. 14, 15).--This is a very beautiful form, com- 
posed of groups of stomata and sinuate thick-walled parenchyma enclosed by 
venules, the cells of which are also sinuate and differ from the rest of the epi- 
dermal parenchyma only in the slightly larger size and greater elongation of the 
constituent cells. The stomata have extremely thick and wide cuticular rims 
and the guard cells have thickened junctions, in these respects much resem- 
bling Dieotylophyllum Stopese. They are large, but variable in size and 
flattened at the poles. Their average diameters are ‘025 mm. by '0245 mm. 
There is no well-defined * T ” piece. 
LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL, XLVI, ZK 
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