458 MR. G. ERDTMAN : STUDIES IN THE 
pollen character of the level from which sample 6 is taken is clearly defined. 
(In what follows, this zone will be referred to as the * A "-zone.) It shows a 
high frequency of Pinus (usually also of Corylus) and a low frequency of 
Alnus. In the stratum immediately below the A-zone, Alnus pollen dis- 
appears almost suddenly, Ulmus and Betula pollen often show a greater 
frequency, whilst the frequency of Pinus and Corylus becomes less. In, or 
above, but never below, the A-zone, Tilia pollen has been observed. As Alnus, 
Betula, and Corylus characterize the Lower Forest Bed, the pine layer 
described above must belong to this stratum; also because the pollen of 
Alnus, and a little further down that of Corylus, quickly disappears from the 
layers immediately below the A-zone. 
The Sphagnum peat above the stool-layer must belong both to Lower and 
Upper Peat bog. No trace of a Second Arctic Bed is found. The pollen- 
flora of sample 1, with its relatively high frequency of pine pollen, seems to 
indicate that the layers near the present surface were formed at, or about, 
the time of the Upper Forest. The striking resemblance should be noted 
between this diagram and the lower part of diagram (text-fig. 5, p. 463) from 
a peat moss near Strathcarron, apparently still growing. This comparison 
strengthens the view that the moor No. 1, here dealt with, is a “tourbière 
morte” where new peat is not formed. 
Pollen of Tilia is noted from sample 6; spores of Polypodium vulgare (by 
far the commonest pteridophyte micro-fossil in the Scottish peat mosses) from 
sample 2 : spores of Tilletia Sphagni from sample 5 ; whilst A ssu/ina, Amphi- 
trema, and Oribates sp. were found in various samples. 
Thomas Brown (Geol. Mag. 1866) has described a buried forest near 
Loch Maree, not far away from Achnasheen. It exhibits almost the same 
features as described above. “ The stools of the trees are wholly embedded in 
peat, varying from 18 to 36 inches in thickness. Beneath the peat is a bed 
of gravel, in the surface of which the trees appear to have grown. They were 
generally, if not exclusively, Fir, the natural tree of the Highlands.” 
Par Moss No. 2. (Text-fig. 2.) 
Situation : south-east of Achnasheen, about 2500 m. N.S.W. of Carn na 
Feith rabhain on a line connecting Desmuckeran with the most western 
point of Loch Bennacharain. Altitude above sea-level about 44 m. 
The surface of this little peat moss—a silted-up loch—resembles at the 
present time a damp meadow. The form is almost circular, the diameter 
being about 150 m., and it is drained towards the North. A large amount of 
water flows from the S.E. towards the meadow, where it collects in a round 
hole close to the place where the boring was made, and from there passes 
away by subterranean drainage. It is surrounded by a wide tract of 
mountainous country, covered to a great extent with hill-peat, which hears 
striking evidence of great erosion. Among others, the following species were 
seen in the meadow :—.Junens effusus (dominant), Anthoranthum odoratum, 
Carex panicea, Equisetum fluviatile, E tophorum polystachion and E. vaginatum, 
