462 MR. G, ERDTMAN : STUDIES IN THE 
cespitosus, ete. The samples were collected in an exposure, with the 
exception of the two lowest, whieh were obtained with the bore. 
The 20 em. at the top were interwoven with living rootlets; below these 
followed 120 em. of birch-forest peat. The birch-remains oceurred most 
abundantly 40-60 em. below the surface ; further down perfect leaves of birch 
were found. 
That a local birch or alder clump (but usually not a clump of pines) has a 
great influence on the fossil pollen-flora has been stated over and over again, 
and recent investigations by the author in N.W. Germany (Geol. Für. Fórh. 
1924) and France (dép. Finisterre) have added fresh confirmation. The moss 
we are speaking of is also instructive upon this point. In the stratum which 
showed the greatest occurrence of birch-remains there were counted: in 
sample 2, 236 pollen-grains (1 Alnus, 230 Betula, 2 Pinus; 3 Corylus) ; in 
sample 3, 159 (2 Alnus, 150 Betula, 1 Pinus: 6 Corylus); and in sumple 4, 
152 (1 Alnus, 148 Betula, 1 Pinus; 2 Corylus). 
Judging by the fossil pollen-flora illustrated in the diagram, the moss 
would seem to be somewhat later than the A-zone of the moors already noted. 
In the lowest layer pine-pollen is dominant, in the next higher alder, and in 
the highest birch-pollen. This fact is not at all in correspondence with the 
general sequence of strata described by Lewis and Samuelsson. 
Pollen of Tilia and Polypodium spores were obtained from sample 7. 
Pear Moss No. 3. (Text-fig 5.) 
Situated in the neighbourhood of Strathearron, E. of R. Carron and N.W. 
of the upper end of the fjord-like Loch Carron, 600 m. E. of the letter “ 0” 
in New Kelso. The moss lies at the 50-foot raised beach (about 14 m. above 
sea-level). This moss has the character of a high moss with a gently-sloping 
surface. A layer of pine-stools immediately overlies the basal sand. The 
surface vegetation consists of an Lirica einerea-Seirpus erspitosus association 
with Calluna, Myrica, and Narthecium; subordinately, Eriophorum vagi- 
natum, Drosera longifolia, Pinguicula vulgaris, and Menyanthes trifoliata (in 
wet places only) occur; sphagnids, lichenids, and eubryids (terms from 
Du Rietz, 1921) are very scanty. The little tarn in the northern part of 
the moss, south of the terminal moraine, rests directly on sand ; no gyttja is 
formed. 
Sequence of strata :— 
A. 20 cm. Well humified, dry, humus-like substance. 
B. 30 em. Eriophorum vaginatum peat, black ; H = 6*. 
C. 47 em. Do., brown, turning black in the air ; H = 6-8. 
* H=degree of humification, according to von Post's scale of ten divisions, 10 being the 
highest. Cf. von Post, 1920 (cited in German in Erdtman, 1921, p. 55). 
