500 MR. Gd. ERDTMAN : STUDIES IN THE 
When studying the postglacial deposits, reference should be made in as 
many cases as possible to archeology, and to geological features such as the 
rise and fall of land. Flint implements are found in great numbers in or 
below peat layers, also remains of Roman roads (ef. Moss, 1904, pp. 663- 
664°). Currie (1869) hax given an historical résumé of the occurrence of 
canoes buried in the bed of the Clyde and in lakes and marshes in the out- 
lying islands. Submerged postglacial peat is found around the coasts of 
Great Britain, and especially on the east coast of Ireland (ef. Close, 1878, 
p- 75). Also the study of peat between the mean high-water level and the 
lowest raised beach is of interest. 
From such places as could be dated by archeology or geology a series of 
specimens should be taken for analysis. Then correlations should be carried 
out between one moor and another, most appropriately alone lines drawn 
across the whole country. Taking these as a basis, it would then be easy to 
examine and date other deposits whose age it was desired to know. 
Also calcareous tufa could be investigated (ef. Holmsen, 1920). A deposit 
of this kind was described by C. Reid (1897), and an especially interesting 
one, resting on peat, by Maw (1866). 
Besides pollen-grains, other micro-fossils could be studied, for example the 
rhizopods, with the study of which Dr. Harmsch, Breslau, is occupied. 
Wright (1896) has also written a paper dealing with research methods in 
connection with foraminifera. Halden (1922, p. 19) has published a bio- 
logical-bathymetrical diatom diagram from the Lunna moss in S.W. Sweden, 
and a combined diatom-pollen diagram from the, same moss (p. 21). When 
such combinations can be made, they naturally contribute to the more exact 
knowledge of the locality studied. 
Before I close, I would express a wish that within the next few years 
there might be compiled, by the aid of international co-operation, a text-book 
of peat-palæontology, including both macro- and micro-fossils. The few 
papers hitherto published are very scattered ; and, in consequence, the 
amount of work whieh must be undertaken by anyone wishing to study peat 
has been rendered unnecessarily heavy. 
* Moss is of the opinion that the peat moors of the Pennines cannot be considered older 
than 2000 years, probably dating from the Roman Conquest. In some places the deposits 
may be of this age; where, for instance, the remains of the Roman roads do not lie in the 
peat, but on the subsoil. In other places I think they will prove to be of the same age as 
many of the old Scottish peat mosses, 
