WOOD OF HIMALAYAN JUNIPERS. 3 
The sections were first put into 1 part HCl to 3 parts absolute alcohol for 
an hour, then washed with distilled water and left in strong ammonium 
hydrate overnight to cause the tracheid-walls to swell up. The following 
day they were carefully washed with distilled water and submitted to the 
following tests :— 
(1) With phlorogluein and hydrochloric acid the rims remained colour- 
less though the walls of the tracheid and Sanio’s bars stained a 
rich red colour. 
(2) With iodine and sulphuric acid the rims still remain unstained. 
(3) With Congo red no staining of rims. 
(4) With Kleinberg's hematoxylin, the rims unstained. 
(5) With H Haidenhain’ s hematoxylin watery solution without mordant, 
the areas were stained black. | 
(6) On treating sections with 2 per cent. solution methvlene-blue in 
water followed by a 2 per cent. solution of acetic acid, the rims 
stained a faint blue colour and the walls of the tracheids a pale 
green. 
(7) On treating sections with freshly-made cuprammonia overnight, 
then washing with distilled water and submitting to methylene- 
blue acetic-acid test, the blue colour of the rims was intensified ; 
on leaving sections in strong ammonium oxalate for 24 hours, 
negative results were obtained with the blue stain, with Schultze’s 
solution, and with iodine-sulphurie acid. 
(8) On treating sections of all species with a freshly-made solution of 
ruthenium-red, the rims stained red in both radial and tangential 
sections, appearing as short curved red lines above and below the 
pits in radial sections and as small red dots in tangential sections 
(figs. 18, 18а). Results identical with to the preceding were 
obtained when the sections had not undergone previous treatment 
for swelling of the cell-walls. From the above tests it appears that 
in the Indian Junipers, as well as in the Indian Pines, these areas 
above and below the pits are pectic in nature and not cellulosic * 
It was found possible to establish a general parallelism between tlie 
number of pits and tlie number of Sanio's rims per tracheid. Where the 
piis were numerous the number of rims was found to be correspondinglv 
large (J. Wallichiana and J. macropoda), whereas in J. recurva with fewer 
* In a paper recently published by Miss Ruth Holden on “The Jurassic Coniferous 
Woods from Yorkshire” (Ann, Bot. xxvii, (1913) pp. 533-445, pls. 39, 40) frequent reference 
is made to the cellulosic nature of * Sanio’s bars." The structures there described I have, in 
accordance with the terminology of Groom & Rushton (Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xli. (1913) 
рр 457-490, pls. 24, 25), designated “ Sanio's rims,” reserving the name “ Sanio's bars ” for 
the lignified bars so frequently found crossing the lumina of the tracheids. 
B2 
