WOOD OF HIMALAYAN JUNIPERS. 
Medullary Rays. 
The rays occur at a distance of 1-10 tracheids away from each other 
tangentially and are generally low, fairly wide, and mostly uniseriate. They 
are made up of thick-walled parenchymatous cells, which in tangential 
section are round in the middle of the ray and oblong at the upper and lower 
limit (fig. 14). . 
Simple pits occur on the upper and lower walls, and 1-4 bordered pits per 
wood-tracheid on the lateral walls, the latter being small and round with 
long slit-like orifices extending beyond the border (fig. 12). Four pits per 
tracheid are most common in the spring wood, being arranged in two radial 
rows ; whereas three pits, arranged one above the other, are usually found in 
the summer wood (fig. 13), the latter arrangement occurring most frequently 
where the rays are only one cell high and widened out above and below 
(fig. 13). 
The end-walls are coarsely pitted and arranged either transverse or oblique. 
The length of the ray-cells is equal to the width of 5 tracheids in the spring 
wood and 6-7 in the summer, but often in the latter area they are only equal 
to 2-3 and widened out parallel to the long axis of the wood-tracheids. 
The whole of the cells are filled with resin as tested with copper acetate and 
other tests, but it was easy to remove it by leaving sections in equal parts of 
strong potash and ammonium hydrate overnight. 
Resin Cells. 
In wide growth-rings the resin cells are very much scattered in the middle 
of the ring, but where the ring is narrow the resin cells occupy a zone near 
the beginning of the summer wood and extend to a zone about 3 tracheids 
from the outer limit. 
They show an average length of 185 р, with a width radially of 12-15 р. 
They possess simple oval pits on the radial walls and bordered ones 
tangentially, the latter being comparable in size to those on the tangential 
walls of the summer tracheids (fig. 15). 
JUNIPERUS WALLICHIANA, Hook. f. 
Macroscopic (naked eye). 
The wood of this species is of a light reddish-brown colour, with the annual 
rings distinct and fairly equal in extent to each other, showing 26 to the 
inch radius. The medullary rays are just visible as brown lines. 
Microscopic (tracheids). 
In transverse sections the tracheids are arranged in radial rows with 
35—45 in each row, of which only 4-8 (occasionally 10) belong to the summer 
