WOOD OF HIMALAYAN JUNIPERS. 11 
Sanio’s rims occur very rarely they stretch completely across the tracheids, 
but occur just above and below the pit-area. On the tangential walls of the 
summer wood the pits are more scattered, with openings more lens-shaped 
than those on the radial walls of either the spring or summer tracheids 
(figs. 28, 29, 30). Occasionally very short tracheids occur with pits on all 
their walls. Sanio's bars are numerous. 
Medullary Rays. 
The rays are fairly numerous, occurring at a distance of 1-8, occasionally 
10 tracheids away from each other tangentially. They are mostly uniseriate 
(occasionally biseriate), 1-20 cells high (figs. 31, 32), made up entirely of 
thick-walled parenchyma, with a length equal to 3-4 spring tracheids and 
2-3 summer tracheids. The end-walls are transverse or oblique and coarsely 
pitted, but where the rays are only one cell high the cells often dovetail 
into each other, the end-wall of one cell overlapping that of the next. 
All the cells have simple pits on the upper and lower walls and 1-4 bordered 
pits per wood-tracheid on the lateral walls (mostly one), some being arranged 
in a single radial row and others in two, with occasionally three pits, one 
above the other, per wood-tracheid in the summer-wood area (figs. 33, 34). 
The bordered pits are round with openings lens-shaped and never extending 
beyond the border. The rays are resinous throughout. 
Resin Cells. 
The resin cells are numerous, occurring in a zone between the middle of 
the annual ring to a limit of 15-25 tracheids from the outer limit of the 
years growth. Their length is 125-200 y with a width of 12-15 р, and 
rarely more than one cell occurs in each radial row of tracheids. Bordered 
pits with lens-shaped openings occur on the lateral walls. 
The chief points of interest brought out in the wood of the Indian Junipers 
are :— 
1. The shortness of the tracheids of all species. 
2. The resinous nature of the medullary rays. 
3. The distribution of the resin cells in the annual ring. 
4, The nature of the rims above and below the pit-areas (Sanio’s rims), 
these being shown to agree with those of the East Indian Pines in 
being pectic and not cellulosic. 
The material was supplied by the Imperial Economist of Forestry, Dehra 
Dun, India, to Prof. Groom of the Imperial College, and was obtained from 
the areas stated below :— 
Juniperus Wallichiana, specimen came from Sikkim and supplied by the 
Divisional Forest Officer, Darjeeling. 
