МВ. W. WEST : ECOLOGICAL NOTES. 61 
There was no Parmelia physodes or Platysma glaucum on any of these trees. 
On the more exposed trunks some specimens of /icasolia amplissima were 
measured 150 x 90 centimetres, and some of К. letevirens 120 x 90 centi- 
metres. Оп the lower part of some trunks, epiphytic on Stereodon cupressi- 
formis, Pertusaria globulifera occurred measuring as much as 90x120 
centimetres. 
Small quantities of the following also occurred on these trees :— Zvernia 
Prunastri, Ramalina fastigiata, Collema nigrescens, Usnea ceratina, U. hirta 
(sparingly), Coccocarpia plumbea, Stereodon resupinatus, with a little Mnium 
hornum about the base now and then. 
The undergrowth showing in August under these avenues of Beeches was 
a mixed association of old Anthoxanthum odoratum, Holcus mollis, Agrostis 
alba, a little Ranunculus repens, seedlings of Fagus, patches of /sothectum 
myosuroides, Polytrichum formosum, smaller quantities of Hylocomium loreum, 
and Mnium hornum now and then. 
Some other Beeches of the same age, nearer the village (see p. 60), were more 
sheltered than those about a mile away, they were generally not so prolific in 
lichens, Stereodon cupressiformis var. filiformis was dominant on many of 
them, with patches of Parmelia saxatilis and Pertusaria faginea; others bore 
scattered over the Stereodon, plants of Ramalina fastigiata, R. canaliculata, 
R. farinacea, Evernia Prunastri, Usnea ceratina, and U. hirta in the higher 
parts, and small patches of Cladonia cæspiticia below. Others had quite 
80 per cent. of the Stereodon with large patches of Pertusaria globulifera 
towards the base. Others were covered completely with Parmelia saxatilis 
(35), Pertusaria globulifera (30), Stereodon cupressiformis var. filiformis 
(10 to 15), ÆEvernia Prunastri, Usnea ceratina, and species of Ramalina 
(about 20). Others were covered up to 90 centimetres from the base with 
Jsothecium. myosuroides, and above that a few had Metzgeria furcata quite 
dominant over all other species. Others showed Zsothecium myosuroides 
as the chief epiphyte (90); the little islands where it did not occur 
were occupied chiefly by Graphis elegans. There was much variation in 
the epiphytic vegetation of these Beeches without any apparent cause. 
Specimens of Parmelia fuliginosa var. letevirens were measured 180 centi- 
metres broad. In some places Armillaria mucidus was in fine condition on 
these old Deeches. 
The most abundant and almost only epiphytes on some Hollies were 
Graphis elegans, its var. serpentina, and Opegrapha atra. 
