76 MR. W, WEST: ECOLOGICAL NOTES. 
dominance here and there:—Parmelia saxatilis, P. fuliginosa var. letevirens, 
Verrucaria nitida, Stereodon resupinatus, Metzgeria furcata, Frullania dilatata, 
Pertusaria communis, P. faginea, Lobaria pulmonaria, Lobarina scrobiculata, 
Lecidea parasema, Lecanora subfusca, and Nephronium lusitanicum. On 
some Beeches the dominant epiphyte was Parmelia caperata. The following 
were the epiphytes on some Larches :—Frullania dilatata (20), Parmelia 
perlata, Weissia ulophylla, and Evernia Prunastri (5), Stereodon cupressi- 
formis around the base to the height of 60 centimetres, the rest sub-bareness. 
The upper side of the branches was almost covered with an association of 
Evernia Prunastri, Usnea ceratina, Frullania dilatata, Parmelia sulcata, and 
scattered cushions of Weissia ulophylla. One of the striking features on 
exposed Oaks near Cromagloun, was the abundance of Micasolia letevirens, 
some of the larger examples of which measured 165 by 60 centimetres. 
A number of various trees in a small park near Dingle (Kerry), not far 
from the sea, and somewhat exposed to a drive from it, were examined. 
Weissia phyllantha and Parmelia perlata were the chief epiphytes, the former 
averaging about 35, the latter about 25 to 30 per cent. Pyrenula nitida 
was also abundant, many trunks showed 20 per cent. of it, the remainder 
was about 10 per cent.: it consisted chiefly of Frullania dilatata, Stereodon 
resupinatus, and Lecanora parella, 
OBSERVATIONS IN WALES. 
Hight lots of Oaks near Arthog (see p. 77). 
Average rainfall about 65 inches; rainy days, 197. 
Scattered amongst the Oaks, on some of the trunks, were small quantities 
of Lobaria serobiculata, Stictina fuliginosa, Usnea ceratina, Lecidea parasema, 
Cladonia fimbriata, and Metzgeria furcata. In some cases Mnium hornum 
crept up from the ground around the base to 30 centimetres. 
Average approximate percentages of the chief epiphytes on the above :— 
Stereodon eupressiformis var. 31, Frullania dilatata 8, Parmelia saxatilis 5, 
Pertusaria globulifera 4. 
A number of young Oaks on the lower slope of a buttress of the mountain 
were examined; they were mostly from 25 to 35 centimetres in diameter ; 
the chief plants were Frullania dilatata (10), Stereodon cupressiformis (2), 
Tsothecium myosuroides, about the base chiefly (3), with a few scattered 
patches of Weissia ulophylla and Lecidea parasema. The Hazels bore an 
association of Parmelia perlata, Frullania dilatata, Pyrenula nitida, Lecanora 
subfusca, Lecidea parasema, Pertusaria leioplaca, and Arthonia radiata. Some 
Ashes near Penmaenpool, about 50 centimetres in diameter, had a very 
varied flora, the average consisted of :—Zsothecium myosuroides (mostly at 
base) and Frullania dilatata (8), Stereodon cupressiformis var. filiformis, 
mostly on lower part (15), Stictina fuliginosa, Evernia Prunastri, Usnea hirta, 
