MR. W. WEST : ECOLOGICAL NOTES. 83 
some of these also bore dense cushions of Sphwrophoron coralloides, with 
small patches of Parmelia caperata. About the base of these trees Mylia 
Taylori, Sphagnum acutifolium, and Plagiothectum undulatum occurred in 
profusion together with pulvinate masses of Leucobrywm glaucum. 
The chief plants on the Hazels examined were patches of Frullania dilatata 
and tufts of Weissia ulophylla. 
Some exposed Pines, about 60 centimetres in diameter, bore Parmelia 
sazatilis (25), P. physodes (10), Lecanora tartarea (6), Platysma glaucum (3), 
Dicranum scoparium (2), Evernia Prunastri (2), Stereodon cupressiformis (2), 
sub-bareness (50). 
A few young Alders (which were scarce) bore about 10 per cent. of a 
mixture of Parmelia saæatilis, P. fuliginosa var. letevirens, P. physodes, and 
a few tufts of Weissia ulophylla. 
Observations in the Lake District (Borrowdale) (see p. 84). 
Rainfall (mean for 15 years) at Seathwaite 139°29 inches ; at Keswick, 
60:53 inches. The observations were made mostly between these two places. 
The epiphytes were at their best in the more shaded sides. 
Scattered amongst the Oaks were small quantities of Pertusuria com- 
munis, Нурпит rutabulum, Leucodon sciuroides, Parmelia sazatilis, Lecanora 
subfusca, Collema nigrescens, Evernia Prunastri, Weissia ulophylla, И’. Bruchü, 
Orthotrichum affine, О. stramineum, Cladonia macilenta, C. fibula, C. pywidata, 
and C. fimbriata. About the base of some, Thuidium tamariscinum, Hylo- 
comium umbratum, and Н. loreum also occurred. 
The average approximate percentages of the chief epiphytes on the Ashes 
show :—Stereodon eupressiformis 50, Frullania dilatata 7, Iscthecium myo- 
suroides 6, Camptothecium sericeum 3, Pertusaria globulifera 23. 
The Hollies were the barest. The Birches examined were almost bare 
except towards and about the base, where the following occurred :— Dicranum 
scoparium, Lepidozia reptans, Scapania nemorosa, and Spherophoron coralloides. 
The trunks of Picea excelsa were practically bare except for a little Stereodon 
cupressiformis near the base. On the Birches in the more exposed higher 
parts оЁ the wood were scattered patches of Parmelia savatilis, P. sulcata, 
P. physodes (very small), Platysma glaucum, Usnea hirta, Cladonia fimbriata, 
Stereodon cupressiformis, with Isothectum myosuroides around the base. On 
some adjoining Oaks there was abundance of Lecanora tartarea, but mostly 
barren. 
A few observations were made W. of Ennerdale (Cumberland). Oaks there 
bore Stereodon cupressiformis (10), Parmelia saxatilis (5), Cladonia spp. (3), 
Arthropyrenia analepta (a little), sub-bareness (about 80). The Beeches were 
almost bare. Birches bore :— Parmelia saxatilis (10), P. physodes (5), 
Evernia Prunastri (a little), sub-bareness (about 85). The Sycamores ex- 
amined were usually covered with Stereodon cupressiformis for about 40 to 
