THE LICHENS OF SOUTH LANCASHIRE. 103 
ТУ. RESUMÉ or EARLIER PUBLISHED Work. 
It is a pity, in view of the great changes which have taken place in the 
lichen-flora of South Lancashire, that the records left by earlier workers are 
so scanty. Such as are available we have included in our list, and, though 
few in number, they are often very interesting on account of the light which 
they throw on the character of the lichen-flora before its deterioration had 
taken place. 
Ray (16a), in his * Catalogus Plantarum Anglie et Insularum Adja- 
centium’ (1677), gives us a single record—our oldest,—namely, Usnea 
articulata, Hoffm., ** Knotted or kneed tree-moss,” collected on hazel by 
Thomas Willisell, in the neighbourhood of Burnley. The specimen is in the 
British Museum Herbarium. This old record is of particular interest, as the 
whole genus is now extinct in South Lancashire. We find no addition to the 
lichen-flora of the vice-county until the time of Dillenius. In the ‘ Historia 
Muscorum ” (1741) (5), we have our first record of Platysma glaucum, Nyl. 
and its f. ampullaceum, which were discovered by Richardson on Emmott 
Moor, near Colne. | 
From the time of Dillenius until the middle of the nineteenth century, we 
find no published reference to South Lancashire lichens except one in regard 
to the finding by Sir J. E. Smith (19) of Lecidea lucida, Ach., оп sandstone 
rocks about Liverpool. 
[n 1859-60 Мг. Е. P. Marrat (14), a well-known Liverpool botanist, 
published a paper entitled “ Нерайса and Lichens of Liverpool and its 
Vicinity.” This appeared as an appendix to vol. xiv. Proc. Liverpool Lit. 
and Phil. Зое. Marrat’s paper is concerned more particularly with the 
Wirral district (Cheshire), which is adjacent to Liverpool. Very few 
localities in South Lancashire are mentioned, and some of the items are 
also of doubtful authenticity. 
In ‘The Manchester Flora, published in 1859 by L. H. Grindon (7), 
73 species of lichens are enumerated as occurring within the eighteen miles 
radius covered by the ‘Flora.’ In not a single instance, however, does the 
author give a locality for any of the species ; and as the area covered by 
‘The Manchester Flora? includes portions of four counties, his list has not 
been at all useful to us. It may be added that Mr. Grindon comments on 
the diminution of lichens in the Manchester district * of late years through 
the cutting down of old woods and the influx of factory smoke." 
We now come to the late Abraham Stansfield (21), of Todmorden, who, 
half a century or more ago, investigated the lichens on the Pennine Hills in 
the neighbourhood of his birthplace. The results of Stansfield's investiga- 
tions will be found embodied in several local floras, namely the * Flora of 
West Yorkshire? (9), the * Flora of Halifax’ (4), and in the more recently 
published * Flora of Todmorden’ (215), which first appeared serially in the 
