144 МВ. А. D. COTTON ON CRYPTOGAMS 
soldier and traveller, in his expedition to found in 1764 а French colony in 
those islands. In Pernety’s ‘ History of the Voyage’ (1771)* a full account 
of the new colony is given, together with a good map, views, and notes on 
natural history. Не refers more than once to the vast beds of “ sea-grass,” 
Macroeystis. A few years later the French botanist Commerson (see Oliver, 
'09) accompanied Bougainville in his voyage round the world, and to him is 
due our earliest knowledge of the cellular eryptogams of the Cape Horn 
region. Не collected in 1767 several lichens, an alga ( Trentepohlia), and a 
fungus (Cyttaria) in the Magellan Straits, and his plants are now in the 
Paris Museum, though a few duplicates found their way both to the British 
Museum and Kew. Considerable space is devoted to this region in Bougain- 
ville’s own narrative (1771), which was translated into English the same 
year. An account by Penrose (1775) of his visit to the Falklands in 1772 is 
also of interest. 
Unsettled times followed in the political history of the islands, and for 
close on fifty years little additional botanical information was forthcoming. 
During the ‘Uranie?’ and ‘ Physicienne’ Expedition (1817-20), com- 
manded by Freycinet, Gaudichaud made large collections in the Falklands, 
and, though owing to the wreck of the * Uranie’ in Berkeley Sound most of 
his valuable finds were lost, he was able, in his report on the flora of the 
islands, to list 21 algæ, 19 lichens, and 2 fungi (Gaudichaud, ?25, pp. 96-97). 
During the voyage of the ‘Coquille’ under Duperrey (1822-25) considerable 
attention was paid by d'Urville to Falkland Island plants. In the “ Flore 
des Malouines," which he published in the * Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne 
de Paris’ (1826), he devotes several paragraphs to observations on large sea- 
weeds, and his list of the flora contains 32 alge, 34 lichens, and 2 fungi. 
These include Gaudichaud’s records (slightly modified) as well as the 
material collected by Lesson and himself which had been determined by 
Bory de Saint Vincent. The same list appears in the full account of the 
* Uranie? and *Physicienne? Expedition (Freycinet, ‘ Voyage autour du 
Monde,’ 1826), as Gaudichaud was able in the chapter on the Falkland 
Islands flora (pp. 123-143) to include d’Urville’s plants which had been 
published in the Mémoires of the Linnean Society of Paris. In Duperry’s 
account of the ‘Coquille’ Expedition, the volume on the cryptogams was 
prepared by Bory, who deals at length with d'Urville's collections, but does 
not distinguish the Falkland Island flora as such. 
In Weddell's account of his remarkable voyage to the Antarctic (^25), con- 
siderable information is given as to the Falklands, including a map of 
Berkeley Sound, in which the ‘ islands” of Macrocystis are indicated. 
The ‘Astrolabe’ and *Zelée? Expedition (1837-40), commanded by 
d'Urville, further explored the Magellan region and collected many plants 
* See Bibliography, p. 226, arranged under four headings. 
