150 МЕ. А. D. COTTON ON CRYPTOGAMS 
perhaps shows that since those days the larger lichens have been reduced in 
numbers, though in the western islands they still flourish. 
(d) Fungi.—Of the 36 species now known from the Falklands, 22 or 
almost two-thirds are additions to the Falkland Island list, and of these 6 are 
described for the first time. Out of the total, about 15 are conspicuous 
macroscopic species, the remainder are small parasites or epiphytes. Being 
a treeless archipelago, the woodland species of Fuegia are absent. 
The coloured drawings of fungi by Mrs. Vallentin supply us with a vivid 
picture of the terrestrial fungus flora. In the grassy valleys between the 
mountain-slopes there are, at certain seasons, a considerable number of small 
Agarics. The genera are clearly those of the pastures and moorlands of 
Northern Europe, but the question of species is very much more difficult. 
Even in a country such as England, where the possibilities are known, 
it is no easy matter to name members of Agaricaceæ from drawings and 
spirit-material. The characters are based on such unsuspected features that 
the artist usually needs the specialist’s help to be enabled to portray them. 
It is not surprising, therefore, that some of the fungi depicted by Mrs. Val- 
lentin have had to remain unnamed. On the other hand, several interesting 
pasture species have been recognised, including Agaricus campestris, Lepiota 
granulosa, Mycena polygramma, several Puffballs, and Cordyceps militaris ; 
the pyrophilous Discomycete Plicaria leiocarpa may also be mentioned. In 
dealing with extra-European collections it has in the past often been the 
custom, and sometimes with good reason, to describe unrecognised species as 
new. But the more Mrs. Vallentin’s specimens were studied, the more the 
resemblance to our British forms was apparent, though at the same time 
there was great difficulty in stating their specific identity. See also remarks 
on p. 157. 
3. PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL CONSIDERATIONS. 
A few words may first be said on the phytogeographical divisions, and on 
the data available for comparison. Although the terms “antarctic” and 
" subantaretic" have been used by botanists in various ways, most writers. 
are agreed in including the Falkland Islands in the antarctic region in its 
widest sense. In the following remarks I have followed Gain (12), who, for 
botanical purposes, places his antarctic boundary at 60? S., instead of the 
geographical 67°, and defines the subantarctic region as the area below that 
latitude in which the action of ice is felt. According to this method, Graham 
Land, the South Orkneys, and South Shetlands find a place, together with 
the lands within the actual polar circle, in the Antarctic Region ; whilst 
Fuegia, the Falklands, South Georgia, Bouvet, Crozets, Kerguelen, Marion, 
Possession, Campbell, Auckland, and Macquarie Islands fall into the Sub- 
antarctic Region. It will be noted that the northern boundary of this 
