156 MR. 4. D. COTTON ON CRYPTOGAMS 
some half-dozen large Florideæ not known from elsewhere and two species, 
absent in Fuegia; but found in New Zealand or its subantarctie islands, 
The number of circumpolar species (excluding cosmopolitans) in the 
subantarctic region is, as far as we know at present, not great, but in 
higher latitudes, i. e., in the Antarctic region proper, greater uniformity 
in the flora may be expected. Writing of the phanerogamic vegetation, 
Dr. W. B. Hemsley says in his report on insular floras for the ‘Challenger ” 
expedition, ‘ the only admissible demarcation of the coldest floral region is a 
zonal one," This is most probably true also in the case of the alge. But 
in the subantarctie, the floras of the eastern and western areas we have been 
considering are very distinet from each other, and are markedly related to 
those of New Zealand and South America respectively. 
B. FRESH-WATER ALGÆ.— № attempt has been made to give a comparative 
survey of the subantarctic fresh-water alge, as this can only be done by a 
competent specialist. In any case there is little data available, and all the- 
older records require revision. The valuable papers by Fritsch (12, ^12 a, 
2121) and West and G. S. West (11) deal with the Antarctic proper, but 
they are of interest in connection with Carlson’s South Georgia and Falkland 
Islands lists (13). Сап” tables (712) should also be consulted. 
C. LicHexs.— With regard to lichens the widespread distribution of many 
of the larger species is well known, and this is very noticeable in the case of 
the Falkland Island flora. Out of the 75 species listed nearly half are so 
widely spread, most in hilly and alpine districts, as to be regarded as cosmo- 
politan. The fact that some are known from all continents, except Australia, 
probably implies nothing further than the fact that the mountainous regions 
of that continent have not yet been thoroughly searched. But in some 
genera this universal distribution does not obtain. Of the seven members 
of the Falkland Islands K$ticteæ, for instance, five are confined to the 
southern hemisphere ; in the genus Placodium, the new species lately 
deseribed tend to show that some species ard decidedly limited in their range, 
whilst in the small crustaceous species world-wide distribution appears to be 
the exception rather than the rule. 
Darbishire has already given tables dealing with the distribution of the 
antarctic and subantaretie lichens, and his geographical observations (712, 
pp. 61-66) are of interest in connection with the Falkland Islands lichen- 
flora. With regard to the subantarctic American region he compiled a list 
of 366 species, and these he analyses and. compares with the New Zealand 
flora as follows :— 
Fruticulose, Foliose. Crustaceous. Total. 
Subantarctic American Species. .. 73 99 194 566 
~ 
Found also in New Zealand .... 52 4 (38) 85% (15) 200% (39) 91% (112) 
