338 DR. SARAH M. BAKER AND MISS M. H. BOHLING ON 
form, however, F. vesiculosus v. limicola, Collins, is quite distinct from апу- 
thing we have seen in England. It is far less spiral than any marsh Fucus 
of that size on our shores, and it approaches F. vesiculosus v. angustifolia in 
habit. As it is dioecious it may possibly be another marsh form of F. vesi- 
culosus, not connected with our series, but produced by special conditions 
in the American marshes. These Fuci would probably repay study. 
The Daltie Fuci. 
For more than half a century the dwarf Fuci of our salt marshes have 
been referred to the varieties of dwarf Fucus established by Swedish 
algologists, which occur in the Baltic Sea. The original F. balticus of 
С. Agardh, figured in ‘Svensk Botanik’ (fig. 516), although its habit is 
that of the F. balticus of Kiitzing and of Gobi in the vegetative condition, 
is shown (fig. 516e, f, & g) with “ fruit-bodies” (fruktknülar) quite 
unlike those of a Fucus and reminiscent of Gracilaria or Sphewrococeus, 
Agardh certainly remarks that he has not found “seeds” (frón) produced 
inside these curious knobs, and it is possible that they are small groups of 
vegetative buds, not uncommon on the margins and at the summits of shoots 
in the dwarf Fuci. But, on account of the * fruit bodies,” we have followed 
Svedelius in rejecting Agardh’s description of the Baltic Fucus. 
Kützing figures two specimens of F. balticus. One of these indicates a 
small form with an attachment dise and the shadowy fructifications of a 
Fucus reminiscent of a minute form of the v. angustifolia of F. vesiculosus : 
the other is a sterile plant, which Svedelius apparently accepts as F. balticus. 
Subsequent authors agree in describing the Baltic Fucus as always sterile. 
This plant has appeared under several names: Fucus balticus, a general term ; 
and the three cognate varieties of F. vesiculosus, the forms nana, subecostata, 
and jilijormis, These names have been applied by English systematists to 
our small salt-marsh Fucus ; the name balticus, either as a separate species 
or as a variety of F. vesiculosus by Greville, Hooker, and Batters, and the 
name subecostata by Harvey and Greville, the former without reference to 
a previous use of the same name. 
It is therefore imperative to find out the exact relationships between our 
marsh Fucus and the Baltic Fucus. А most interesting account of the 
various forms of Fucus found on the Baltic coast, together with a deserip- 
tion of the remarkable ecological formation which they dominate, has been 
given by Svedelius (1901, pp. 34-38 & 84-92). Аз his paper is not very 
generally accessible, we have summarized those of his results which have а 
direct bearing upon the question. 
The Loose-lying Algal Formations of the Baltic. 
The dwarf Fuci of the Baltic, included by the older writers under the 
general name of Fucus balticus, all belong to the “ Loose-lying ” formation of 
