SEED-MASSES ETC. OF HELLEBORUS F(ETIDUS. 455 
pollination and its seed-dispersal, and if, in addition to this, I am right in 
thinking that the majority of the seeds do not ripen properly, while the 
seedlings are much more than decimated by snails, then it is not surprising 
that Helleborus fœtidus is, and is likely to remain, one of our most unfamiliar 
wild plants. 
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES. 
Lupwie, Е. “ Biologische Beobachtungen an Helleborus fetidus.” Оезегг. 
Bot. Zeitschr. Wien, Bd. xlviii. (1898) рр. 281-284 & 332-339. 
— “Die Amiesen im Dienste der Pflanzenverbreitung." Illustr. 
Zeitschr. f. Entomol. Neudamm, Bd. iv. (1899) pp. 38-41. 
MAXWELL, Sir HERBERT. Memories of the Months, ser. 3, p. 277. 
SERNANDER, В. ©“ Entwurf einer Monographie der Europäischen Myrme- 
cochoren.” Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 
Bd. xli. Uppsala (1906), No. 7. 
Weiss, F. Е. “The Dispersal of Fruits and Seeds by Ants.” New Phyto- 
logist, vol. vii. No. 1 (1908), pp. 23-28, and vol. viii. No. 3 (1909), 
pp. 81-89. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 36. 
Helleborus fœtidus, Linn. 
Fig. 1. Seed-mass. 
to 
1 The same, showing the connecting strip. 
Oo e 
| The same, undergoing seed-disintegration. 
Seedlings of Viola odorata, Linn. 
A. Caruncle removed before sowing. 
В. Caruncle not removed. 
LINN. JOURN.—BOTANY, VOL. XLIII. 2K 
