2 MISS L. S. GIBBS ON THE FLORA AND PLANT FORMATIONS 
Page 
f. Plant-Formations and Associations on Kinabalu.......... 48 
Secondary Forest co.cc cc ccc eee cence eee ee teen eneee 49 
Primary High Forest ccc cece eine ect eens 50 
Mossy Forest 2... ccc cee ehe 50 
Scrub Formation on Serpentine ...................... 50 
Low Sheltered Forest... ccce 50 
Sub-summit Dwarf Forest... eese 50 
Granite Core .......... esessessthesu tese 50 
5. Kiau to Kotabelud and Tuaran ............................ 51 
PRINCIPAL BIBLIOGRAPHY oo... cee ccc eee nn enn re 55 
SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF THE PLANTS COLLECTED ................ 56 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES .......eeee Im IH nnn 239 
INTRODUCTION. 
Turk botanical exploration of British North Borneo has up to the present 
been strictly limited to the mountain of Kinabalu itself, the highest 
mountain of the Malay Archipelago, which was first ascended by a botanist, 
Sir Hugh Low, then Colonial Secretary of Labuan, who made the ascent 
in March, 1851. 
Low, in a second ascent with Spencer St. John, in June, 1858; Burbidge 
in November, 1877, and August, 1878 ; Whitehead in February, 1888, and 
finally Haviland in May, 1892, all contributed to the knowledge of the 
mountain. Haviland collected for six weeks on and about Kinabalu, and 
the results of his work, and that of his predecessors, have been admirably 
summarised by Dr. Stapf in his invaluable ** Contribution to the Flora of 
Kinabalu," Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2. Bot. iv. (1894), in which are enumerated 
about 360 species of plants collected on and about the mountain or on the 
route up from the coast. 
Excellent botanical work, unfortunately as yet unpublished, has also been 
done on the coastal flora of the country. James Motley, Manager of the 
Labuan Coal Mines, made large collections in Labuan, from 1852 onwards *. 
Dr. Fraser, an officer of the B. N. Borneo Co., who was appointed at Kudat 
in 1883 and treacherously shot by Muruts at Kawang in the following year, 
collected round Marudu Bay, on Banguey or Panggi and Balambangan 
Islands, and at Gaya and Papar. His tragic fate is described by Whitehead 
(16. 27). Governor Creagh, who was appointed in 1888 and retired in 
* On Motley's departure from Labuan for Dutch Borneo his collections were mostly bought 
by a Mr. Barber, who presented them to Kew. The latter's name, in consequence, generally 
figures on the Herbarium sheets and is often erroneously quoted as that of the collector. 
Settled near Banjermassing Motley again made large collections, but his work was brought 
to an untimely end, as he was murdered by Mahommedan settlers along with his wife and 
children in 1859. He collected in all about 1300 specimens which, supplemented by very 
valuable notes and letters, are preserved at Kew. 
