OF MT, KINABALU AND BRITISH NORTH BORNEO, 5 
finally to Mr. Resident Day, Mr. Groves, and to Dr. Barker, Chief Medical 
Officer at Kuching, for their kind hospitality. 
In the systematic portion of this work, I must acknowledge my deep 
indebtedness to Dr. Otto Stapf, Keeper of the Royal Herbarium at Kew, for 
his kind collaboration, as also to Messrs. E. G. Baker, H. F. Wernham, 
Spencer le M. Moore, J. Hutchinson, R. A. Rolfe, A. Gepp, Miss A. 
Lorrain Smith, Mrs. E. S. Gepp, and the late H. Groves; then to Mr. 
W. West for the critical investigation of the freshwater alge, and to 
Mr. H. N. Ridley for working out a great part of the Monocotyledons and 
also for the very useful loan of plant-presses from the Singapore Gardens, 
which were of the greatest service in the field. I also thank M. Casimir de 
Candolle, Professor J. Macfarlane, Dr. Odoardo Beccari, and Count Ugolino 
Martelli for working out the Piperacee, Nepenthaceze, Palmacee, and 
Pandanacez respectively ; Professor Radlkofer, for a critical determination 
of Sapindacew ; and Dr. F. Cullis, of the Royal School of Mines, who was 
good enough to examine the couple of rock specimens obtained. Further, 
T acknowledge a grant of £30 from the Royal Society for the purposes of 
this research ; and finally my thanks are due to Dr, A. B. Rendle, Keeper 
of the Department of Botany at the British Museum, for his invariable 
kindness and the invaluable facilities afforded to me at the British Museum 
in working out this collection. 
L GENERAL CHARACTER OF THE COUNTRY. 
1. OROGRAPHY. 
The West Coast of North Borneo as seen from the sea, after leaving Labuan, 
is very beautiful in outline. Parallel lines of hills, 4000-5000’ in height, 
covered with luxuriant forest, send short spurs to the coast, which, clothed in 
vegetation to the water's edge, form innumerable bays of varying sizes, with 
level stretches of white sand fringed with Casuarina and broken by mangrove 
swamps, where rivers flow into the sea. 
Seen from Gaya Island these sandstone hills are dominated to the N.W. by 
the magnificent granite mass of Kinabalu, which viewed from the west 
has the appearance of an isolated cone, as only the highest portion, viz. 
the southern buttress, is visible from this side, its many peaked pinnacles 
emerging from the mysterious shroud of clouds which generally veil its 
imposing outline. Of similar altitude and isolated conspicuousness, Kinabalu 
recalls the Peaks of Tenerife or Fuji, but in majestic outline and grandeur 
of position it surpasses those rivals, and well substantiates its name Kina- 
balu, which in the Bajow tongue—Kina bahu—means the “ greatest 
of all.” 
Though situated at about 40 miles from the coast it is a familiar object as 
far south as Labuan, and commands not only the whole of the coast-line, but 
