16 MISS L. 8. GIBBS ON THE FLORA AND PLANT FORMATIONS 
Stagnant pools and ditches on boggy land were covered in some cases with 
Rieciocarpus natans, in others with Pistia Stratiotes, not seen in flower. 
Naias graminea var. angustifolia was growing thickly in one pool, and Nitella 
acuminata filled shallow ditches. 
Secondary forest clothes the undulating valleys and the foothills which lead 
up to the ridges of the Rayoh hills behind Tenom to about 2000'. Above 
that altitude primary high forest prevails. To the west or south-west, 
where the secondary forest spreads out over a flatter area, it is of a more or 
less marshy description. 
In a small patch of this area which I thoroughly worked over, the trees 
collected were Myristica glauca, Amoora curtispiea, Spherothalamus insignis 
with its curious pendent brick-red flowers, Memecylon lanceolatum (2) with 
inconspicuous white flowers, Leptonychia glabra, Antidesma Gibbsiv, the 
shrubby Microdesmis casearivfolia with small yellow flowers, Saprosma 
borneensis and Chasalia curvifora; while Gnetum latifolium, Lygodium 
flexuosum, Ervatamia orientalis, and the interesting liane Cowiea borneensis 
(the type of a new genus), with long spikes of minute flowers, twined round 
tree-trunks. 
This small patch yielded three new species and one new genus. How far 
it can be taken as representing a marsh-forest association is impossible to 
judge, as there was no opportunity of working other areas, and indications 
are wanting on the labels of previous collectors in reference to this special 
type, which is well represented in Borneo. 
On the edge of the forest dense masses of Albizzia myriophylla, the woolly 
Rubus molluccanus, the lovely pink Jacquemontia tomentella with its silvery 
foliage, ard the shrubs Flemingia strobilifera and Baphia borneensis were 
conspicuous. 
The commonest forest trees of the lower levels were Parkia Rowburghii, 
Erythrina lithosperma, Arytera littoralis f. angustifolia and f. genuina, the 
latter smothered in its abundant white inflorescence, Sphærothalamus insignis, 
the lovely Ardisia serrata, similar in habit and colour to our pink horse- 
chestnut, Cassia nodosa, Ficus gibbosa var. typica, of which there were 
magnificent specimens in isolated positions where native clearing had 
obtained, Mallotus ricinoides, M. molluccanus, Macaranga Tanarius, Aca- 
lypha Caturus and A. stipulacea. 
Of common lianes Conocephalus naucleiflorus, and Anthocephalus macro- 
phyllus almost replace their support with their huge spreading crowns ; 
Jasminum bifarium runs up the tallest trees, all the flowering shoots expanding 
at the top ; the massive magenta-red racemes of Adinobotrys Nieuwenhuisii 
hang at intervals down the whole length of the bare stems, while Pithecolobium 
fasciculatum shows its twisted pods with their glaucous bloom and brilliant 
orange seeds amongst the branching foliage, and Piper Betle var. Siribca with 
