OF MT, KINABALU AND BRITISH NORTH BORNEO. 17 
Lygodium flexuosum and L., circinnatum, the latter often with fronds 1 m. across, 
twine up stems. Of Arace:e, Epipremnopsis Hügeliana was abundant and in 
flower. This wasalso the case with the scrambling bamboos, of which I found 
a Dinochloa sp. showing a flowering rhachis, on which, unfortunately, only 
the bracts were present. Of the rotans which swept the forest with their 
armed flagelle, climbing up and down trees in unrestricted luxuriance, 
only Korthalsia, Calamus and Dwmonorops sp., the very common Calamus 
acuminatissimus and Demonorops sabensis were found in fertile condition. 
Of epiphytes, magnificent examples of Platycerium biforme showed the long 
fronds hanging down from the topmost branches, whilst Asplenium nidus 
nestled in the lower forks. The large white flowers of Phalwnopsis amabilis 
made constant splashes of light amongst the surrounding foliage, often poised 
on dead sticks which formed the whole support of fine flowering specimens. 
Undergrowth was characterised by large groves of the Bamboos Schizo- 
stachyum Zollingeri and Dendrocalamus flagellifer, whilst the fine palm Caryota 
mitis and the Arenga (?) previously mentioned were very common in single 
specimens amongst other more gregarious kinds, 
Of undershrubs Wormia sufiruticosa, Saurauia ferox, Otophora fruticosa 
and O. imbricata, the scrambling Miécrodesmis casearivfolia and Musscnda 
frondosa were generally distributed. 
The herbaceous undergrowth in parts was luxuriant : in the neighbourhood 
of moisture or small streams the huge Stachyphrynium Griffithsii, with leaves 
meeting over one's head, Donax canneformis, and many other gregarious 
Scitaminacese and Zingiberaces spp. were associated with Begonia borneensis 
and Calanthe Gibbsiw, and here and there with Dryopteris immersa. and 
D. truncata. 
In drier areas herbaceous Acanthaceze may be said to form the dominant 
note, chiefly the small Aporuellia borneensis, with light mauve flowers, 
the yellow Ptyssiglottis Gibbsie, Ruellia repens and Hypoestes floribunda. 
The handsome sedge, Scleria purpureo-vaginata, over 1 m. high, with leaves 
in interrupted whorls up the stems, was conspicuous and general. With it 
were found the smaller S. lithosperma, Fimbristylis asperrima, Cyperus pubi- 
squamus, and the grasses Themeda gigantea, Rottbællia glandulosa, Panie 
sarmentosum, Oryza Ridleyi, and the stif O. Meyeriana, a species with 
creeping rhizomes from which stiff bamboo-like tufts arise, whilst Commelina 
obliqua and Pollia sorzogonensis would carpet sections of the ground. Fungi 
were rather plentiful, the pretty red cups of Vrichoseypha Hindsii and 
T. tricholoma being generally abundant. 
A Murt clearing at about 2000! seemed to mark the limit of the secondary 
growth, as, once beyond it, one penetrated into what, to all appearances, 
might be described as high forest, clothing steep ridges and declivities. The 
trees here were very fine and well spaced, Ardisia virens, Litsca oppositifolia, 
LINN. JOURN.— BOTANY, VOL. XLII. C 
um 
