OF MT. KINABALU AND BRITISH NORTH BORNEO. un 
sedge-like growth, which is simply a shallow sand-pan about 10 metres 
square, and not marshy at all as previously described. 
Round the edge were a few dead trees wreathed in some melancholy 
looking Lycopodium casuarinoides, the only approach to anything like a 
Casuarina seen anywhere, though previous writers all record this unmistak- 
able genus both here and on the Maraiparai. Patersonia borneensis, with 
little mauve iris-like flowers, is dominant, while Carea hypsophila, Dianella 
nemorosa, the brown-spiked (Gahnia javanica, completed a typical psammo- 
philous association, through which the hirsute form of Didiscus sanicule- 
Jolius sent its runner-like stolons, with the aerial shoots drawn up to the 
level of the Patersonia, the moss Campylopus evasperatus spreading 
through the whole growth, proliferating four or five times. On the more 
open edge Eriocaulon Hookerianum and Aletris rigida occurred. Beyond this 
edge Dipteris conjugata, Pteridium aquilinum and Gleichenia cireinnata var. 
borneensis formed a dense growth which spread under the surrounding trees, 
all about 5 metres high and consisting principally of the flat-topped Lepto- 
spermum javanicum and L. recurvum, Embelia kinabaluensis, Styphelia Lear- 
monthiana and S. suaveolens, Diplycosia ciliolata, Vaccinium Dbaaifolium, 
the conifers already enumerated for the ridge, and the chubby [Rhododendron 
ericoides. 
There was some difficulty about water here for so many people. The little 
that had soaked into holes madein the sand soon giving out, we had recourse 
to the pitcher-plants for our tea; but the rain very generously soon solved 
all difficulties. 
From Kamburangau progress, fortunately for me, was very slow, as a path 
had to be cut all the way up, and, thanks to Mr. Maxwell’s escort, I could 
devote all my energies to collecting, as he very kindly entirely superintended 
operations, The helplessness of natives at these altitudes has to be seen to 
be believed, the low temperature having a most demoralising effect. Clad 
in thin cotton garments, the coolies have no protection against what to them 
is an unknown sensation ; they look upon it as a disease to which they would 
willingly succumb if no European were present to keep them going and 
consequently warm. 
Beyond the exposed ridge one passed through another sheltered patch of 
mossy forest (Pl. 6. fig. 4), with slender straight trees, similar to that found 
on Penibukan. Here Bambusa (?) Gibbsim reappeared, fortunately in 
flower, also Calamus Gibbsianus, whose thorny flagella were an unmitigated 
nuisance in collecting, and still worse for the path-cutters. Rhododendron 
Lowi as an epiphyte and K. stenophyllum were quite frequent, as well as 
a palm, Pinanga capitata, also in flower and fruit, and the tree-ferns Alsophila 
crinita and Cyathea dulitensis, all about 2:5—3 metres in height. Davallia 
contigua, Hymenophyllum blandum, and the pretty pink Sonerila crassiuscula 
formed some of the undergrowth together with Begonia Burlidgei, here much 
