EVOLUTION OF THE INFLORESCENCE. 527 
(2) One or two foliage leaves, which mature after the flower. Spring 
bloomers. Deciduous. M. Yulan, M. parviflora, M. stellata. 
(3) No foliage leaves on the short flower-bearing shoot. M. obovata, 
M. glauca. 
As regards the relative primitiveness of the above four modes, there would 
seem to be little doubt but that the first represents the least-evolved flowering 
shoot. From it the second has arisen through the tendency to differentiate 
the flower-bearing shoots from the purely vegetative ones, induced probably 
by hastening the time of flowering and by the adoption of the deciduous 
habit. The third mode follows on as a more extreme case of the second. 
As far as the writer is aware, axillary flowers do not occur in Magnolia, 
but they become the rule for the closely allied genus Michelia. In a later 
section of this paper it will be shown how such axillary flowers can be 
derived from solitarysterminal ones. 
Liriodendron Tulipifera bears its flowers in a similar fashion to Magnolia 
grandiflora. It is, however, not evergreen but deciduous. 
Illicium, Schizandra, and Kadsura have axillary flowers, while Drimys 
possesses an inflorescence of the intercalary type, to be treated of later. 
Zygogynum, a monotype of New Caledonia, is interesting in having a 
solitary terminal flower ; otherwise it is related to Drimys. 
Hence in the family Magnoliacez we meet with solitary terminal flowers 
in Magnolia, Liriodendron, and Zygogynum ; with solitary axillary flowers in 
Michelia, Illicium, Schizandra, and Kadsura ; and with interealary inflor- 
escences in Drimys. No examples have come to my notice of the simple 
diehasium arising from the solitary terminal flower. On turning, however, 
to the somewhat allied family, the Calyeanthacem, this is to be seen. 
JALYCANTHACE, 
Calycanthus.—In two species examined of this genus, viz. C. floridus and 
C. occidentalis, the flowers are usually borne single and terminal to short 
leafy shoots (fig. 1, A). 
In the case of C. occidentalis lateral floral shoots are produced sometimes 
from the axils of the uppermost pair of foliage leaves, the three flowers (the 
terminal and the two laterals) thus forming a simple dichasial cyme (fig. 1, B). 
The terminal flower blooms first, and the laterals expand later. These 
secondary floral shoots produce, as a rule, only a pair of. foliar organs, which 
may be reduced to bracts. In one instance a tertiary flower-bud was noticed 
in the axil of one of these bracts, thus revealing a tendeney towards the 
branching dichasium so common in early forms of inflorescence. 
Calycanthus floridus sometimes shows a variation in the mode of bearing its 
flowers. Instead of the uppermost pair of shoots on a main branch ending in 
flowers, these continue vegetatively, and the flowers appear on short lateral 
LINN, JOURN,—BOTANY, VOL, XLII. 20 
